API Reference¶
The heart
Module¶
Core module with functions to calculate Greens Functions and synthetics. Also contains main classes for setup specific parameters.
-
class
heart.
ArrivalTaper
(**kwargs)[source]¶ Cosine arrival Taper.
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♦
a
¶ float
, default:-15.0
start of fading in; [s] w.r.t. phase arrival
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♦
b
¶ float
, default:-10.0
end of fading in; [s] w.r.t. phase arrival
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c
¶ float
, default:50.0
start of fading out; [s] w.r.t. phase arrival
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d
¶ float
, default:55.0
end of fading out; [s] w.r.t phase arrival
-
check_sample_rate_consistency
(deltat)[source]¶ Check if taper durations are consistent with GF sample rate.
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class
heart.
BandstopFilter
(**kwargs)[source]¶ Filter object defining suppressed frequency range of traces after time-domain filtering.
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♦
lower_corner
¶ float
, default:0.12
Lower corner frequency
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♦
upper_corner
¶ float
, default:0.25
Upper corner frequency
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♦
order
¶ int
, default:4
order of filter, the higher the steeper
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class
heart.
Covariance
(**kwargs)[source]¶ Covariance of an observation. Holds data and model prediction uncertainties for one observation object.
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data
¶ numpy.ndarray
(pyrocko.guts_array.Array
), optionalData covariance matrix
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pred_g
¶ numpy.ndarray
(pyrocko.guts_array.Array
), optionalModel prediction covariance matrix, fault geometry
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pred_v
¶ numpy.ndarray
(pyrocko.guts_array.Array
), optionalModel prediction covariance matrix, velocity model
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check_matrix_init
(cov_mat_str='')[source]¶ Check if matrix is initialised and if not set with zeros of size data.
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property
chol
¶ Cholesky factor, of ALL uncertainty covariance matrices.
-
property
chol_inverse
¶ Cholesky factor, upper right of the Inverse of the Covariance matrix of sum of ALL uncertainty covariance matrices. To be used as weight in the optimization.
Notes
Uses QR factorization on the inverse of the upper right Cholesky decomposed covariance matrix to obtain a proxy for the Cholesky decomposition of the inverse of the covariance matrix in case the inverse of the covariance matrix is not positive definite.
- Returns
- Return type
upper triangle of the cholesky decomposition
-
property
inverse
¶ Add and invert ALL uncertainty covariance Matrices.
-
property
inverse_d
¶ Invert DATA covariance Matrix.
-
property
inverse_p
¶ Add and invert different MODEL uncertainty covariance Matrices.
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property
log_pdet
¶ Calculate the log of the determinant of the total matrix.
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♦
-
class
heart.
DataWaveformCollection
(stations, waveforms=None, target_deltat=None)[source]¶ Collection of available datasets, data-weights, waveforms and DynamicTargets used to create synthetics.
Is used to return Mappings of the waveforms of interest to fit to the involved data, weights and synthetics generating objects.
-
class
heart.
DiffIFG
(**kwargs)[source]¶ Differential Interferogram class as geodetic target for the calculation of synthetics and container for SAR data.
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unwrapped_phase
¶ numpy.ndarray
(pyrocko.guts_array.Array
), optional
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coherence
¶ numpy.ndarray
(pyrocko.guts_array.Array
), optional
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reference_point
¶ tuple
of 2float
objects, optional
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reference_value
¶ float
, optional, default:0.0
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displacement
¶ numpy.ndarray
(pyrocko.guts_array.Array
), optional
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covariance
¶ Covariance
, optionalCovariance
that holds dataand model prediction covariance matrixes
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odw
¶ numpy.ndarray
(pyrocko.guts_array.Array
), optionalOverlapping data weights, additional weight factor to thedataset for overlaps with other datasets
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mask
¶ numpy.ndarray
(pyrocko.guts_array.Array
), optionalMask values for Euler pole region determination. Click polygon mask in kite!
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class
heart.
DynamicTarget
(**kwargs)[source]¶ Undocumented.
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response
¶ pyrocko.trace.PoleZeroResponse
, optional
-
update_target_times
(sources=None, taperer=None)[source]¶ Update the target attributes tmin and tmax to do the stacking only in this interval. Adds twice taper fade in time to each taper side.
- Parameters
source (list) – containing
pyrocko.gf.seismosizer.Source
Objectstaperer (
pyrocko.trace.CosTaper
) –
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-
class
heart.
Filter
(**kwargs)[source]¶ Filter object defining frequency range of traces after time-domain filtering.
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♦
lower_corner
¶ float
, default:0.001
Lower corner frequency
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♦
upper_corner
¶ float
, default:0.1
Upper corner frequency
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♦
order
¶ int
, default:4
order of filter, the higher the steeper
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stepwise
¶ bool
, default:True
If set to true the bandpass filter is done it two consecutive steps, first high-pass then low-pass.
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-
class
heart.
FrequencyFilter
(**kwargs)[source]¶ Undocumented.
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♦
freqlimits
¶ tuple
of 4float
objects, default:(0.005, 0.006, 166.0, 200.0)
Corner frequencies 4-tuple [Hz] for frequency domain filter.
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♦
tfade
¶ float
, default:20.0
Rise/fall time in seconds of taper applied in timedomain at both ends of trace.
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-
class
heart.
GNSSCompoundComponent
(**kwargs)[source]¶ Collecting many GNSS components and merging them into arrays. Make synthetics generation more efficient.
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los_vector
¶ numpy.ndarray
(pyrocko.guts_array.Array
), optional
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displacement
¶ numpy.ndarray
(pyrocko.guts_array.Array
), optional
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component
¶ str
, default:'east'
direction of measurement, north/east/up
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♦
stations
¶ list
ofpyrocko.model.gnss.GNSSStation
objects, default:[]
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covariance
¶ Covariance
, optionalCovariance
that holds dataand model prediction covariance matrixes
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odw
¶ numpy.ndarray
(pyrocko.guts_array.Array
), optionalOverlapping data weights, additional weight factor to thedataset for overlaps with other datasets
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-
class
heart.
GeodeticDataset
(**kwargs)[source]¶ Overall geodetic data set class
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♦
typ
¶ str
, default:'SAR'
Type of geodetic data, e.g. SAR, GNSS, …
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♦
name
¶ str
, default:'A'
e.g. GNSS campaign name or InSAR satellite track
-
get_corrections
(hierarchicals, point=None)[source]¶ Needs to be specified on inherited dataset classes.
-
setup_corrections
(event, correction_configs)[source]¶ Initialise geodetic dataset corrections such as Ramps or Euler Poles.
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update_local_coords
(loc)[source]¶ Calculate local coordinates with respect to given Location.
- Parameters
loc (
pyrocko.gf.meta.Location
) –- Returns
- Return type
numpy.ndarray
(n_points, 3)
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-
class
heart.
GeodeticResult
(**kwargs)[source]¶ Result object assembling different geodetic data.
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point
¶ ResultPoint
, default:ResultPoint()
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processed_obs
¶ numpy.ndarray
(pyrocko.guts_array.Array
), optional
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processed_syn
¶ numpy.ndarray
(pyrocko.guts_array.Array
), optional
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processed_res
¶ numpy.ndarray
(pyrocko.guts_array.Array
), optional
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llk
¶ float
, optional, default:0.0
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-
class
heart.
IFG
(**kwargs)[source]¶ Interferogram class as a dataset in the optimization.
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master
¶ str
, optionalAcquisition time of master image YYYY-MM-DD
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slave
¶ str
, optionalAcquisition time of slave image YYYY-MM-DD
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amplitude
¶ numpy.ndarray
(pyrocko.guts_array.Array
), optional
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wrapped_phase
¶ numpy.ndarray
(pyrocko.guts_array.Array
), optional
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incidence
¶ numpy.ndarray
(pyrocko.guts_array.Array
), optional
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heading
¶ numpy.ndarray
(pyrocko.guts_array.Array
), optional
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los_vector
¶ numpy.ndarray
(pyrocko.guts_array.Array
), optional
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satellite
¶ str
, default:'Envisat'
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update_los_vector
(force=False)[source]¶ Calculate LOS vector for given attributes incidence and heading angles.
- Returns
- Return type
numpy.ndarray
(n_points, 3)
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-
class
heart.
Parameter
(**kwargs)[source]¶ Optimization parameter determines the bounds of the search space.
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name
¶ str
, default:'depth'
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form
¶ str
, default:'Uniform'
Type of prior distribution to use. Options: “Uniform”, …
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lower
¶ numpy.ndarray
(pyrocko.guts_array.Array
), default:array([0., 0.])
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upper
¶ numpy.ndarray
(pyrocko.guts_array.Array
), default:array([1., 1.])
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testvalue
¶ numpy.ndarray
(pyrocko.guts_array.Array
), default:array([0.5, 0.5])
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random
(shape=None)[source]¶ Create random samples within the parameter bounds.
- Parameters
shape (int or list) – of int number of draws from distribution
- Returns
- Return type
numpy.ndarray
of size (n, m)
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-
class
heart.
ReferenceLocation
(**kwargs)[source]¶ Reference Location for Green’s Function store calculations!
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station
¶ str
, default:'Store_Name'
This mimics the station.station attribute which determines the store name!
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-
class
heart.
ResultPoint
(**kwargs)[source]¶ Containing point in solution space.
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post_llk
¶ str
, optionaldescribes which posterior likelihood value the point belongs to
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point
¶ dict
ofnumpy.ndarray
(pyrocko.guts_array.Array
) objects, default:{}
Point in Solution space for which result is produced.
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variance_reductions
¶ dict
offloat
objects, optional, default:{}
Variance reductions for each dataset.
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-
class
heart.
ResultReport
(**kwargs)[source]¶ Undocumented.
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solution_point
¶ dict
ofpyrocko.guts.Any
objects, default:{}
result point
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post_llk
¶ str
(pyrocko.guts.StringChoice
), default:'max'
Value of point of the likelihood distribution.
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mean_point
¶ dict
ofpyrocko.guts.Any
objects, optionalmean of distributions, used for model prediction covariance calculation.
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♦
-
class
heart.
SeismicDataset
(network='', station='STA', location='', channel='', tmin=0.0, tmax=None, deltat=1.0, ydata=None, mtime=None, meta=None)[source]¶ Extension to
pyrocko.trace.Trace
to haveCovariance
as an attribute.
-
class
heart.
SeismicResult
(**kwargs)[source]¶ Result object assembling different traces of misfit.
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point
¶ ResultPoint
, default:ResultPoint()
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arrival_taper
¶ pyrocko.trace.Taper
, optional
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llk
¶ float
, optional, default:0.0
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taper
¶ pyrocko.trace.Taper
, optional
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-
class
heart.
StrainRateTensor
(**kwargs)[source]¶ Undocumented.
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exx
¶ float
, default:10
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eyy
¶ float
, default:0
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exy
¶ float
, default:0
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rotation
¶ float
, default:0
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property
azimuth
¶ Direction of eps2 compared towards North [deg].
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property
eps1
¶ Maximum extension eigenvalue of strain rate tensor, extension positive.
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property
eps2
¶ Maximum compression eigenvalue of strain rate tensor, extension positive.
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♦
-
class
heart.
WaveformMapping
(name, stations, weights=None, channels=['Z'], datasets=[], targets=[], deltat=None)[source]¶ Maps synthetic waveform parameters to targets, stations and data
- Parameters
name (str) – name of the waveform according to travel time tables
stations (list) – of
pyrocko.model.Station
weights (list) – of theano.shared variables
channels (list) – of channel names valid for all the stations of this wavemap
datasets (list) – of
heart.Dataset
inherited frompyrocko.trace.Trace
targets (list) – of
pyrocko.gf.target.Target
-
property
hypersize
¶ Return the size of the related hyperparameters as an integer.
-
heart.
choose_backend
(fomosto_config, code, source_model, receiver_model, gf_directory='qseis2d_green')[source]¶ Get backend related config.
-
heart.
concatenate_datasets
(datasets)[source]¶ Concatenate datasets to single arrays
- Parameters
datasets (list) – of
GeodeticDataset
- Returns
datasets (1d :class:numpy.NdArray` n x 1)
los_vectors (2d :class:numpy.NdArray` n x 3)
odws (1d :class:numpy.NdArray` n x 1)
-
heart.
ensemble_earthmodel
(ref_earthmod, num_vary=10, error_depth=0.1, error_velocities=0.1, depth_limit_variation=600000.0)[source]¶ Create ensemble of earthmodels that vary around a given input earth model by a Gaussian of 2 sigma (in Percent 0.1 = 10%) for the depth layers and for the p and s wave velocities. Vp / Vs is kept unchanged
- Parameters
ref_earthmod (
pyrocko.cake.LayeredModel
) – Reference earthmodel defining layers, depth, velocities, densitiesnum_vary (scalar, int) – Number of variation realisations
error_depth (scalar, float) – 3 sigma error in percent of the depth for the respective layers
error_velocities (scalar, float) – 3 sigma error in percent of the velocities for the respective layers
depth_limit_variation (scalar, float) – depth threshold [m], layers with depth > than this are not varied
- Returns
- Return type
List of Varied Earthmodels
pyrocko.cake.LayeredModel
-
heart.
geo_construct_gf
(event, geodetic_config, crust_ind=0, execute=True, force=False)[source]¶ Calculate geodetic Greens Functions (GFs) and create a fomosto ‘GF store’ that is being used repeatetly later on to calculate the synthetic displacements. Enables various different source geometries.
- Parameters
event (
pyrocko.model.Event
) – The event is used as a reference point for all the calculations According to the its location the earth model is being builtgeodetic_config (
config.GeodeticConfig
) –crust_ind (int) – Index to set to the Greens Function store
execute (boolean) – Flag to execute the calculation, if False just setup tested
force (boolean) – Flag to overwrite existing GF stores
-
heart.
geo_construct_gf_psgrn
(event, geodetic_config, crust_ind=0, execute=True, force=False)[source]¶ Calculate geodetic Greens Functions (GFs) and create a repository ‘store’ that is being used later on repeatetly to calculate the synthetic displacements.
- Parameters
event (
pyrocko.model.Event
) – The event is used as a reference point for all the calculations According to the its location the earth model is being builtgeodetic_config (
config.GeodeticConfig
) –crust_ind (int) – Index to set to the Greens Function store
execute (boolean) – Flag to execute the calculation, if False just setup tested
force (boolean) – Flag to overwrite existing GF stores
-
heart.
geo_layer_synthetics_pscmp
(store_superdir, crust_ind, lons, lats, sources, keep_tmp=False, outmode='data')[source]¶ Calculate synthetic displacements for a given Greens Function database sources and observation points on the earths surface.
- Parameters
store_superdir (str) – main path to directory containing the different Greensfunction stores
crust_ind (int) – index of Greens Function store to use
lons (List of floats) – Longitudes [decimal deg] of observation points
lats (List of floats) – Latitudes [decimal deg] of observation points
sources (List of
pscmp.PsCmpRectangularSource
) – Sources to calculate synthetics forkeep_tmp (boolean) – Flag to keep directories (in ‘/tmp’) where calculated synthetics are stored.
outmode (str) – determines type of output
- Returns
- Return type
numpy.ndarray
(n_observations; ux-North, uy-East, uz-Down)
-
heart.
geo_synthetics
(engine, targets, sources, outmode='stacked_array', plot=False, nprocs=1)[source]¶ Calculate synthetic displacements for a given static fomosto Greens Function database for sources and targets on the earths surface.
- Parameters
engine (
pyrocko.gf.seismosizer.LocalEngine
) –sources (list) – containing
pyrocko.gf.seismosizer.Source
Objects reference source is the first in the list!!!targets (list) – containing
pyrocko.gf.seismosizer.Target
Objectsplot (boolean) – flag for looking at synthetics - not implemented yet
nprocs (int) – number of processors to use for synthetics calculation –> currently no effect !!!
outmode (string) – output format of synthetics can be: ‘array’, ‘arrays’, ‘stacked_array’,’stacked_arrays’
- Returns
depends on outmode
’stacked_array’
numpy.ndarray
(n_observations; ux-North, uy-East, uz-Down)’stacked_arrays’
or list of
numpy.ndarray
(target.samples; ux-North, uy-East, uz-Down)
-
heart.
get_fomosto_baseconfig
(gfconfig, event, station, waveforms, crust_ind)[source]¶ Initialise fomosto config.
- Parameters
gfconfig (
config.NonlinearGFConfig
) –event (
pyrocko.model.Event
) – The event is used as a reference point for all the calculations According to the its location the earth model is being builtstation (
pyrocko.model.Station
or) –heart.ReferenceLocation
waveforms (List of str) – Waveforms to calculate GFs for, determines the length of traces
crust_ind (int) – Index to set to the Greens Function store
-
heart.
get_phase_arrival_time
(engine, source, target, wavename=None, snap=True)[source]¶ Get arrival time from Greens Function store for respective
pyrocko.gf.seismosizer.Target
,pyrocko.gf.meta.Location
pair.- Parameters
engine (
pyrocko.gf.seismosizer.LocalEngine
) –source (
pyrocko.gf.meta.Location
) – can be thereforepyrocko.gf.seismosizer.Source
orpyrocko.model.Event
target (
pyrocko.gf.seismosizer.Target
) –wavename (string) – of the tabulated phase that determines the phase arrival needs to be the Id of a tabulated phase in the respective target.store if “None” uses first tabulated phase
snap (if True) – force arrival time on discrete samples of the store
- Returns
- Return type
scalar, float of the arrival time of the wave
-
heart.
get_phase_taperer
(engine, source, wavename, target, arrival_taper, arrival_time=nan)[source]¶ Create phase taperer according to synthetic travel times from source- target pair and taper return
pyrocko.trace.CosTaper
according to defined arrival_taper times.- Parameters
engine (
pyrocko.gf.seismosizer.LocalEngine
) –source (
pyrocko.gf.meta.Location
) – can be thereforepyrocko.gf.seismosizer.Source
orpyrocko.model.Event
wavename (string) – of the tabulated phase that determines the phase arrival
target (
pyrocko.gf.seismosizer.Target
) –arrival_taper (
ArrivalTaper
) –arrival_time (shift on arrival time (optional)) –
- Returns
- Return type
pyrocko.trace.CosTaper
-
heart.
get_ramp_displacement
(locx, locy, azimuth_ramp, range_ramp, offset)[source]¶ Get synthetic residual plane in azimuth and range direction of the satellite.
- Parameters
locx (shared array-like
numpy.ndarray
) – local coordinates [km] in east directionlocy (shared array-like
numpy.ndarray
) – local coordinates [km] in north directionazimuth_ramp (
theano.tensor.Tensor
ornumpy.ndarray
) – vector with ramp parameter in azimuthrange_ramp (
theano.tensor.Tensor
ornumpy.ndarray
) – vector with ramp parameter in rangeoffset (
theano.tensor.Tensor
ornumpy.ndarray
) – scalar of offset in [m]
-
heart.
get_slowness_taper
(fomosto_config, velocity_model, distances)[source]¶ Calculate slowness taper for backends that determine wavefield based on the velociy model.
- Parameters
fomosto_config (
pyrocko.meta.Config
) –velocity_model (
pyrocko.cake.LayeredModel
) –distances (tuple) – minimum and maximum distance [deg]
- Returns
- Return type
tuple of slownesses
-
heart.
get_velocity_model
(location, earth_model_name, crust_ind=0, gf_config=None, custom_velocity_model=None)[source]¶ Get velocity model at the specified location, combines given or crustal models with the global model.
- Parameters
location (
pyrocko.meta.Location
) –earth_model_name (str) – Name of the base earth model to be used, check
pyrocko.cake.builtin_models()
for alternatives, default ak135 with medium resolutioncrust_ind (int) – Index to set to the Greens Function store, 0 is reference store indexes > 0 use reference model and vary its parameters by a Gaussian
gf_config (
beat.config.GFConfig
) –custom_velocity_model (
pyrocko.cake.LayeredModel
) –
- Returns
- Return type
pyrocko.cake.LayeredModel
-
heart.
init_datahandler
(seismic_config, seismic_data_path='./', responses_path=None)[source]¶ Initialise datahandler.
- Parameters
seismic_config (
config.SeismicConfig
) –seismic_data_path (str) – absolute path to the directory of the seismic data
- Returns
datahandler
- Return type
-
heart.
init_geodetic_targets
(datasets, earth_model_name='ak135-f-average.m', interpolation='nearest_neighbor', crust_inds=[0], sample_rate=0.0)[source]¶ Initiate a list of Static target objects given a list of indexes to the respective GF store velocity model variation index (crust_inds).
- Parameters
datasets (list) – of
heart.GeodeticDataset
for which the targets are being initialised= str (earth_model_name) – Name of the earth model that has been used for GF calculation.
sample_rate (scalar, float) – sample rate [Hz] of the Greens Functions to use
crust_inds (List of int) – Indexes of different velocity model realisations, 0 - reference model
interpolation (str) – Method of interpolation for the Greens Functions, can be ‘multilinear’ or ‘nearest_neighbor’
- Returns
- Return type
List of
pyrocko.gf.targets.StaticTarget
-
heart.
init_seismic_targets
(stations, earth_model_name='ak135-f-average.m', channels=['T', 'Z'], sample_rate=1.0, crust_inds=[0], interpolation='multilinear', reference_location=None)[source]¶ Initiate a list of target objects given a list of indexes to the respective GF store velocity model variation index (crust_inds).
- Parameters
stations (List of
pyrocko.model.Station
) – List of station objects for which the targets are being initialised= str (earth_model_name) – Name of the earth model that has been used for GF calculation.
channels (List of str) – Components of the traces to be optimized for if rotated: T - transversal, Z - vertical, R - radial If not rotated: E - East, N- North, U - Up (Vertical)
sample_rate (scalar, float) – sample rate [Hz] of the Greens Functions to use
crust_inds (List of int) – Indexes of different velocity model realisations, 0 - reference model
interpolation (str) – Method of interpolation for the Greens Functions, can be ‘multilinear’ or ‘nearest_neighbor’
reference_location (
ReferenceLocation
or) –pyrocko.model.Station
if given, targets are initialised with this reference location
- Returns
- Return type
List of
DynamicTarget
-
heart.
init_wavemap
(waveformfit_config, datahandler=None, event=None, mapnumber=0)[source]¶ Initialise wavemap, which sets targets, datasets and stations into relation to the seismic Phase of interest and allows individual specificiations.
- Parameters
waveformfit_config (
config.WaveformFitConfig
) –datahandler (
DataWaveformCollection
) –event (
pyrocko.model.Event
) –mapnumber (int) – number of wavemap in list of wavemaps
- Returns
wmap
- Return type
-
heart.
log_determinant
(A, inverse=False)[source]¶ Calculates the natural logarithm of a determinant of the given matrix ‘ according to the properties of a triangular matrix.
- Parameters
A (n x n
numpy.ndarray
) –inverse (boolean) –
If true calculates the log determinant of the inverse of the colesky decomposition, which is equvalent to taking the determinant of the inverse of the matrix.
L.T* L = R inverse=False L-1*(L-1)T = R-1 inverse=True
- Returns
- Return type
float logarithm of the determinant of the input Matrix A
-
heart.
post_process_trace
(trace, taper, filterer, taper_tolerance_factor=0.0, deltat=None, outmode=None, chop_bounds=['b', 'c'], transfer_function=None)[source]¶ Taper, filter and then chop one trace in place.
- Parameters
trace (
SeismicDataset
) –arrival_taper (
pyrocko.trace.Taper
) –filterer (list) – of
Filterer
taper_tolerance_factor (float) – default: 0 , cut exactly at the taper edges taper.fadein times this factor determines added tolerance
chop_bounds (str) – determines where to chop the trace on the taper attributes may be combination of [a, b, c, d]
-
heart.
proto2zpk
(magnification, damping, period, quantity='displacement')[source]¶ Convert magnification, damping and period of a station to poles and zeros.
-
heart.
seis_construct_gf
(stations, event, seismic_config, crust_ind=0, execute=False, force=False)[source]¶ Calculate seismic Greens Functions (GFs) and create a repository ‘store’ that is being used later on repeatetly to calculate the synthetic waveforms.
- Parameters
stations (list) – of
pyrocko.model.Station
Station object that defines the distance from the event for which the GFs are being calculatedevent (
pyrocko.model.Event
) – The event is used as a reference point for all the calculations According to the its location the earth model is being builtseismic_config (
config.SeismicConfig
) –crust_ind (int) – Index to set to the Greens Function store, 0 is reference store indexes > 0 use reference model and vary its parameters by a Gaussian
execute (boolean) – Flag to execute the calculation, if False just setup tested
force (boolean) – Flag to overwrite existing GF stores
-
heart.
seis_synthetics
(engine, sources, targets, arrival_taper=None, wavename='any_P', filterer=None, reference_taperer=None, plot=False, nprocs=1, outmode='array', pre_stack_cut=False, taper_tolerance_factor=0.0, arrival_times=None, chop_bounds=['b', 'c'])[source]¶ Calculate synthetic seismograms of combination of targets and sources, filtering and tapering afterwards (filterer) tapering according to arrival_taper around P -or S wave. If reference_taper the given taper is always used.
- Parameters
engine (
pyrocko.gf.seismosizer.LocalEngine
) –sources (list) – containing
pyrocko.gf.seismosizer.Source
Objects reference source is the first in the list!!!targets (list) – containing
pyrocko.gf.seismosizer.Target
Objectsarrival_taper (
ArrivalTaper
) –wavename (string) – of the tabulated phase that determines the phase arrival
filterer (
Filterer
) –plot (boolean) – flag for looking at traces
nprocs (int) – number of processors to use for synthetics calculation –> currently no effect !!!
outmode (string) – output format of synthetics can be ‘array’, ‘stacked_traces’, ‘data’ returns traces unstacked including post-processing, ‘tapered_data’ returns unstacked but tapered traces
pre_stack_cut (boolean) – flag to decide wheather prior to stacking the GreensFunction traces should be cutted according to the phase arival time and the defined taper
taper_tolerance_factor (float) – tolerance to chop traces around taper.a and taper.d
arrival_times (None or
numpy.NdArray
) – of phase to apply taper, if None theoretic arrival of ray tracing usedchop_bounds (list of str) – determines where to chop the trace on the taper attributes may be combination of [a, b, c, d]
transfer_functions (list) – of transfer functions to convolve the synthetics with
- Returns
numpy.ndarray
or List ofpyrocko.trace.Trace
– with data each row-one targetnumpy.ndarray
of tmins for traces
-
heart.
taper_filter_traces
(traces, arrival_taper=None, filterer=None, deltat=None, arrival_times=None, plot=False, outmode='array', taper_tolerance_factor=0.0, chop_bounds=['b', 'c'])[source]¶ Taper and filter data_traces according to given taper and filterers. Tapering will start at the given tmin.
- Parameters
traces (List) – containing
pyrocko.trace.Trace
objectsarrival_taper (
ArrivalTaper
) –filterer (list) – of
Filterer
deltat (float) – if set data is downsampled to that sampling interval
arrival_times (list or:class:numpy.ndarray) – containing the start times [s] since 1st.January 1970 to start tapering
outmode (str) – defines the output structure, options: “stacked_traces”, “array”, “data”
taper_tolerance_factor (float) – tolerance to chop traces around taper.a and taper.d
chop_bounds (list of len 2) – of taper attributes a, b, c, or d
- Returns
with tapered and filtered data traces, rows different traces, columns temporal values
- Return type
-
heart.
vary_model
(earthmod, error_depth=0.1, error_velocities=0.1, depth_limit_variation=600000.0)[source]¶ Vary depths and velocities in the given source model by Gaussians with given 2-sigma errors [percent]. Ensures increasing velocity with depth. Stops variating the input model at the given depth_limit_variation [m]. Mantle discontinuity uncertainties are hardcoded based on Mooney et al. 1981 and Woodward et al.1991
- Parameters
earthmod (
pyrocko.cake.LayeredModel
) – Earthmodel defining layers, depth, velocities, densitieserror_depth (scalar, float) – 2 sigma error in percent of the depth for the respective layers
error_velocities (scalar, float) – 2 sigma error in percent of the velocities for the respective layers
depth_limit_variations (scalar, float) – depth threshold [m], layers with depth > than this are not varied
- Returns
Varied Earthmodel (
pyrocko.cake.LayeredModel
)Cost (int) – Counts repetitions of cycles to ensure increasing layer velocity, unlikely velocities have high Cost Cost of up to 20 are ok for crustal profiles.
-
heart.
velocities_from_pole
(lats, lons, pole_lat, pole_lon, omega, earth_shape='ellipsoid')[source]¶ Return horizontal velocities at input locations for rotation around given Euler pole
- Parameters
lats (
numpy.NdArray
) – of geographic latitudes [deg] of points to calculate velocities forlons (
numpy.NdArray
) – of geographic longitudes [deg] of points to calculate velocities forpole_lat (float) – Euler pole latitude [deg]
pole_lon (float) – Euler pole longitude [deg]
omega (float) – angle of rotation around Euler pole [deg / million yrs]
- Returns
- Return type
numpy.NdArray
of velocities [m / yrs] npoints x 3 (NEU)
-
heart.
velocities_from_strain_rate_tensor
(lats, lons, exx=0.0, eyy=0.0, exy=0.0, rotation=0.0)[source]¶ Get velocities [m] from 2d area strain rate tensor.
Geographic coordinates are reprojected internally wrt. the centroid of the input locations.
- Parameters
lats (array-like
numpy.ndarray
) – geographic latitudes in [deg]lons (array-like
numpy.ndarray
) – geographic longitudes in [deg]exx (float) – component of the 2d area strain-rate tensor [nanostrain] x-North
eyy (float) – component of the 2d area strain-rate tensor [nanostrain] y-East
exy (float) – component of the 2d area strain-rate tensor [nanostrain]
rotation (float) – clockwise rotation rate around the centroid of input locations
- Returns
v_xyz – Deformation rate in [m] in x - East, y - North, z - Up Direction
- Return type
2d array-like
numpy.ndarray
The config
Module¶
The config module contains the classes to build the configuration files that are being read by the beat executable.
So far there are configuration files for the three main optimization problems implemented. Solving the fault geometry, the static distributed slip and the kinematic distributed slip.
-
class
config.
BEATconfig
(**kwargs)[source]¶ BEATconfig is the overarching configuration class, providing all the sub-configurations classes for the problem setup, Greens Function generation, optimization algorithm and the data being used.
-
♦
name
¶ str
-
♦
date
¶ str
-
♦
event
¶ pyrocko.model.event.Event
, optional
-
♦
subevents
¶ list
ofpyrocko.model.event.Event
objects, default:[]
Event objects of other events that are supposed to be estimatedjointly with the main event. May have large temporal separation.
-
♦
project_dir
¶ str
, default:'event/'
-
♦
problem_config
¶ ProblemConfig
, default:ProblemConfig()
-
♦
geodetic_config
¶ GeodeticConfig
, optional
-
♦
seismic_config
¶ SeismicConfig
, optional
-
♦
sampler_config
¶ SamplerConfig
, default:SamplerConfig()
-
♦
hyper_sampler_config
¶ SamplerConfig
, optional, default:SamplerConfig()
-
♦
-
class
config.
CorrectionConfig
(**kwargs)[source]¶ Undocumented.
-
♦
dataset_names
¶ list
ofstr
objects, default:[]
Datasets to include in the correction.
-
♦
enabled
¶ bool
, default:False
Flag to enable Correction.
-
♦
-
class
config.
DatasetConfig
(**kwargs)[source]¶ Base config for datasets.
-
♦
datadir
¶ str
, default:'./'
Path to directory of the data
-
♦
names
¶ list
ofstr
objects, default:['Data prefix filenames here ...']
-
♦
-
class
config.
DiscretizationConfig
(**kwargs)[source]¶ Config to determine the discretization of the finite fault(s)
-
♦
extension_widths
¶ list
offloat
objects, default:[0.1]
Extend reference sources by this factor in each dip-direction. 0.1 means extension of the fault by 10% in each direction, i.e. 20% in total. If patches would intersect with the free surface they are constrained to end at the surface. Each value is applied following the list-order to the respective reference source.
-
♦
extension_lengths
¶ list
offloat
objects, default:[0.1]
Extend reference sources by this factor in each strike-direction. 0.1 means extension of the fault by 10% in each direction, i.e. 20% in total. Each value is applied following the list-order to the respective reference source.
-
♦
-
class
config.
FFIConfig
(**kwargs)[source]¶ Undocumented.
-
♦
regularization
¶ str
(pyrocko.guts.StringChoice
), default:'none'
Flag for regularization in distributed slip-optimization. Choices: laplacian, none
-
♦
regularization_config
¶ RegularizationConfig
, optionalAdditional configuration parameters for regularization
-
♦
initialization
¶ str
(pyrocko.guts.StringChoice
), default:'random'
Initialization of chain starting points, default: random. Choices: random, lsq
-
♦
npatches
¶ int
, optionalNumber of patches on full fault. Must not be edited manually! Please edit indirectly through patch_widths and patch_lengths parameters!
-
♦
subfault_npatches
¶ list
ofint
objects, optional, default:[]
Number of patches on each sub-fault. Must not be edited manually! Please edit indirectly through patch_widths and patch_lengths parameters!
-
♦
-
class
config.
GFConfig
(**kwargs)[source]¶ Base config for GreensFunction calculation parameters.
-
♦
store_superdir
¶ str
, default:'./'
Absolute path to the directory where Greens Function stores are located
-
♦
reference_model_idx
¶ int
, default:0
Index to velocity model to use for the optimization. 0 - reference, 1..n - model of variations
-
♦
n_variations
¶ tuple
of 2int
objects, default:(0, 1)
Start and end index to vary input velocity model. Important for the calculation of the model prediction covariance matrix with respect to uncertainties in the velocity model.
-
♦
earth_model_name
¶ str
, default:'ak135-f-continental.f'
Name of the reference earthmodel, see pyrocko.cake.builtin_models() for alternatives.
-
♦
nworkers
¶ int
, default:1
Number of processors to use for calculating the GFs
-
♦
-
class
config.
GFLibaryConfig
(**kwargs)[source]¶ Baseconfig for GF Libraries
-
♦
component
¶ str
, default:'uparr'
-
♦
event
¶ pyrocko.model.event.Event
, default:Event()
-
♦
crust_ind
¶ int
, default:0
-
♦
reference_sources
¶ list
ofbeat.sources.RectangularSource
objects, default:[]
Geometry of the reference source(s) to fix
-
♦
-
class
config.
GNSSCorrectionConfig
(**kwargs)[source]¶ Undocumented.
-
♦
station_blacklist
¶ list
ofstr
objects, default:[]
GNSS station names to apply no correction.
-
♦
station_whitelist
¶ list
ofstr
objects, default:[]
GNSS station names to apply the correction.
-
♦
-
class
config.
GNSSDatasetConfig
(**kwargs)[source]¶ Undocumented.
-
♦
components
¶ list
ofstr
objects, default:['north', 'east', 'up']
-
♦
blacklist
¶ list
ofstr
objects, default:['put blacklisted station names here or delete']
GNSS station to be thrown out.
-
♦
-
class
config.
GeodeticConfig
(**kwargs)[source]¶ Config for geodetic data optimization related parameters.
-
♦
types
¶ dict
ofDatasetConfig
objects, default:{'SAR': <config.SARDatasetConfig object at 0x7ff76fb49438>, 'GNSS': <config.GNSSDatasetConfig object at 0x7ff76fb49470>}
Types of geodetic data, i.e. SAR, GNSS, with their configs
-
♦
calc_data_cov
¶ bool
, default:True
Flag for calculating the data covariance matrix, outsourced to “kite”
-
♦
interpolation
¶ str
(pyrocko.guts.StringChoice
), default:'multilinear'
GF interpolation scheme during synthetics generation. Choices: nearest_neighbor, multilinear
-
♦
corrections_config
¶ GeodeticCorrectionsConfig
, default:GeodeticCorrectionsConfig()
Config for additional corrections to apply to geodetic datasets.
-
♦
dataset_specific_residual_noise_estimation
¶ bool
, default:False
If set, for EACH DATASET specific hyperparameter estimation.For geodetic data: n_hypers = nimages (SAR) or nstations * ncomponents (GNSS).If false one hyperparameter for each DATATYPE and displacement COMPONENT.
-
♦
-
class
config.
GeodeticCorrectionsConfig
(**kwargs)[source]¶ Config for corrections to geodetic datasets.
-
♦
euler_poles
¶ list
ofEulerPoleConfig
objects, default:[<config.EulerPoleConfig object at 0x7ff76fb3aba8>]
-
♦
ramp
¶ RampConfig
, default:RampConfig()
-
♦
strain_rates
¶ list
ofStrainRateConfig
objects, default:[<config.StrainRateConfig object at 0x7ff76fb3ac50>]
-
♦
-
class
config.
GeodeticGFConfig
(**kwargs)[source]¶ Geodetic GF parameters for Layered Halfspace.
-
♦
code
¶ str
, default:'psgrn'
Modeling code to use. (psgrn, … others need to beimplemented!)
-
♦
sample_rate
¶ float
, default:1.1574074074074073e-05
Sample rate for the Greens Functions. Mainly relevant for viscoelastic modeling. Default: coseismic-one day
-
♦
sampling_interval
¶ float
, default:1.0
Distance dependend sampling spacing coefficient.1. - equidistant
-
♦
medium_depth_spacing
¶ float
, default:1.0
Depth spacing [km] for GF medium grid.
-
♦
medium_distance_spacing
¶ float
, default:10.0
Distance spacing [km] for GF medium grid.
-
♦
-
class
config.
GeodeticGFLibraryConfig
(**kwargs)[source]¶ Config for the linear Geodetic GF Library for dumping and loading.
-
♦
dimensions
¶ tuple
of 2int
objects, default:(0, 0)
-
♦
datatype
¶ str
, default:'geodetic'
-
♦
-
class
config.
LaplacianRegularizationConfig
(**kwargs)[source]¶ Determines the structure of the Laplacian.
-
♦
correlation_function
¶ str
(pyrocko.guts.StringChoice
), default:'nearest_neighbor'
Determines the correlation function for smoothing across patches. Choices: nearest_neighbor, gaussian, exponential
-
♦
-
class
config.
LinearGFConfig
(**kwargs)[source]¶ Config for linear GreensFunction calculation parameters.
-
♦
reference_sources
¶ list
ofbeat.sources.RectangularSource
objects, default:[]
Geometry of the reference source(s) to fix
-
♦
sample_rate
¶ float
, default:2.0
Sample rate for the Greens Functions.
-
♦
discretization
¶ str
(pyrocko.guts.StringChoice
), default:'uniform'
Flag for discretization of finite sources into patches. Choices: uniform, resolution
-
♦
discretization_config
¶ DiscretizationConfig
, default:UniformDiscretizationConfig()
Discretization configuration that allows customization.
-
♦
-
class
config.
MetropolisConfig
(**kwargs)[source]¶ Config for optimization parameters of the Adaptive Metropolis algorithm.
-
♦
n_jobs
¶ int
, default:1
Number of processors to use, i.e. chains to sample in parallel.
-
♦
n_steps
¶ int
, default:25000
Number of steps for the MC chain.
-
♦
n_chains
¶ int
, default:20
Number of Metropolis chains for sampling.
-
♦
thin
¶ int
, default:2
Thinning parameter of the sampled trace. Every “thin”th sample is taken.
-
♦
burn
¶ float
, default:0.5
Burn-in parameter between 0. and 1. to discard fraction of samples from the beginning of the chain.
-
♦
-
class
config.
NonlinearGFConfig
(**kwargs)[source]¶ Config for non-linear GreensFunction calculation parameters. Defines how the grid of Green’s Functions in the respective store is created.
-
♦
use_crust2
¶ bool
, default:True
Flag, for replacing the crust from the earthmodelwith crust from the crust2 model.
-
♦
replace_water
¶ bool
, default:True
Flag, for replacing water layers in the crust2 model.
-
♦
custom_velocity_model
¶ pyrocko.cake.LayeredModel
(pyrocko.gf.meta.Earthmodel1D
), optionalCustom Earthmodel, in case crust2 and standard model not wanted. Needs to be a :py::class:cake.LayeredModel
-
♦
source_depth_min
¶ float
, default:0.0
Minimum depth [km] for GF function grid.
-
♦
source_depth_max
¶ float
, default:10.0
Maximum depth [km] for GF function grid.
-
♦
source_depth_spacing
¶ float
, default:1.0
Depth spacing [km] for GF function grid.
-
♦
source_distance_radius
¶ float
, default:20.0
Radius of distance grid [km] for GF function grid around reference event.
-
♦
source_distance_spacing
¶ float
, default:1.0
Distance spacing [km] for GF function grid w.r.t reference_location.
-
♦
error_depth
¶ float
, default:0.1
3sigma [%/100] error in velocity model layer depth, translates to interval for varying the velocity model
-
♦
error_velocities
¶ float
, default:0.1
3sigma [%/100] in velocity model layer wave-velocities, translates to interval for varying the velocity model
-
♦
depth_limit_variation
¶ float
, default:600.0
Depth limit [km] for varying the velocity model. Below that depth the velocity model is not varied based on the errors defined above!
-
♦
-
class
config.
ParallelTemperingConfig
(**kwargs)[source]¶ Undocumented.
-
♦
n_samples
¶ int
, default:100000
Number of samples of the posterior distribution. Only the samples of processors that sample from the posterior (beta=1) are kept.
-
♦
n_chains
¶ int
, default:2
Number of PT chains to sample in parallel. A number < 2 will raise an Error, as this is the minimum amount of chains needed.
-
♦
swap_interval
¶ tuple
of 2int
objects, default:(100, 300)
Interval for uniform random integer that is drawn to determine the length of MarkovChains on each worker. When chain is completed the last sample is returned for swapping state between chains. Consequently, lower number will result in more state swapping.
-
♦
beta_tune_interval
¶ int
, default:5000
Sample interval of master chain after which the chain swap acceptance is evaluated. High acceptance will result in closer spaced betas and vice versa.
-
♦
n_chains_posterior
¶ int
, default:1
Number of chains that sample from the posterior at beat=1.
-
♦
resample
¶ bool
, default:False
If “true” the testvalue of the priors is taken as seed for all Markov Chains.
-
♦
thin
¶ int
, default:3
Thinning parameter of the sampled trace. Every “thin”th sample is taken.
-
♦
burn
¶ float
, default:0.5
Burn-in parameter between 0. and 1. to discard fraction of samples from the beginning of the chain.
-
♦
record_worker_chains
¶ bool
, default:False
If True worker chain samples are written to disc using the specified backend trace objects (during sampler initialization). Very useful for debugging purposes. MUST be False for runs on distributed computing systems!
-
♦
-
class
config.
ProblemConfig
(**kwargs)[source]¶ Config for optimization problem to setup.
-
♦
mode
¶ str
(pyrocko.guts.StringChoice
), default:'geometry'
Problem to solve. Choices: geometry, ffi
-
♦
mode_config
¶ ModeConfig
, optionalGlobal optimization mode specific parameters.
-
♦
source_type
¶ str
(pyrocko.guts.StringChoice
), default:'RectangularSource'
Source type to optimize for. Choices: ExplosionSource, RectangularExplosionSource, DCSource, CLVDSource, MTSource, MTQTSource, RectangularSource, DoubleDCSource, RingfaultSource
-
♦
stf_type
¶ str
(pyrocko.guts.StringChoice
), default:'HalfSinusoid'
Source time function type to use. Choices: Boxcar, Triangular, HalfSinusoid
-
♦
decimation_factors
¶ dict
ofpyrocko.guts.Any
objects, optionalDetermines the reduction of discretization of an extended source.
-
♦
n_sources
¶ int
, default:1
Number of Sub-sources to solve for
-
♦
datatypes
¶ list
ofpyrocko.guts.Any
objects, default:['geodetic']
-
♦
hyperparameters
¶ dict
ofpyrocko.guts.Any
objects, default:{}
Hyperparameters to estimate the noise in different types of datatypes.
-
♦
priors
¶ dict
ofpyrocko.guts.Any
objects, default:{}
Priors of the variables in question.
-
♦
hierarchicals
¶ dict
ofpyrocko.guts.Any
objects, default:{}
Hierarchical parameters that affect the posterior likelihood, but do not affect the forward problem. Implemented: Temporal station corrections, orbital ramp estimation
-
get_random_variables
()[source]¶ Evaluate problem setup and return random variables dictionary.
- Returns
rvs (dict) – variable random variables
fixed_params (dict) – fixed random parameters
-
init_vars
(variables=None, nvars=None)[source]¶ Initiate priors based on the problem mode and datatypes.
- Parameters
variables (list) – of str of variable names to initialise
-
♦
-
class
config.
ResolutionDiscretizationConfig
(**kwargs)[source]¶ Parameters that control the resolution based source discretization.
References
- Atzori2011
Atzori & Antonioli (2011). Optimal fault resolution in geodetic inversion of coseismic data. Geophysical Journal International, 185(1):529-538
-
♦
epsilon
¶ float
, default:0.004
Damping constant for Laplacian of Greens Functions. Usually reasonable between: [0.1 to 0.005]
-
♦
epsilon_search_runs
¶ int
, default:1
If above 1, the algorithm is iteratively run, starting with epsilon as lower bound on equal logspace up to epsilon * 100. “epsilon_search_runs” determines times of repetition and the spacing between epsilons. If this is 1, only the model for “epsilon” is created! The epsilon that minimises Resolution spreading (Atzori et al. 2019) is chosen!
-
♦
resolution_thresh
¶ float
, default:0.999
Resolution threshold discretization continues until all patches are below this threshold. The lower the finer the discretization. Reasonable between: [0.95, 0.999]
-
♦
depth_penalty
¶ float
, default:3.5
The higher the number the more penalty on the deeper patches-ergo larger patches.
-
♦
alpha
¶ float
, default:0.3
Decimal percentage of largest patches that are subdivided further. Reasonable: [0.1, 0.3]
-
♦
patch_widths_min
¶ list
offloat
objects, default:[1.0]
Patch width [km] for min final discretization of patches.
-
♦
patch_widths_max
¶ list
offloat
objects, default:[5.0]
Patch width [km] for max initial discretization of patches.
-
♦
patch_lengths_min
¶ list
offloat
objects, default:[1.0]
Patch length [km] for min final discretization of patches.
-
♦
patch_lengths_max
¶ list
offloat
objects, default:[5.0]
Patch length [km] for max initial discretization of patches.
-
class
config.
SMCConfig
(**kwargs)[source]¶ Config for optimization parameters of the SMC algorithm.
-
♦
n_jobs
¶ int
, default:1
Number of processors to use, i.e. chains to sample in parallel.
-
♦
n_steps
¶ int
, default:100
Number of steps for the MC chain.
-
♦
n_chains
¶ int
, default:1000
Number of Metropolis chains for sampling.
-
♦
coef_variation
¶ float
, default:1.0
Coefficient of variation, determines the similarity of theintermediate stage pdfs;low - small beta steps (slow cooling),high - wide beta steps (fast cooling)
-
♦
stage
¶ int
, default:0
Stage where to start/continue the sampling. Has to be int -1 for final stage
-
♦
proposal_dist
¶ str
, default:'MultivariateNormal'
Multivariate Normal Proposal distribution, for Metropolis stepsalternatives need to be implemented
-
♦
update_covariances
¶ bool
, default:False
Update model prediction covariance matrixes in transition stages.
-
♦
-
class
config.
SamplerConfig
(**kwargs)[source]¶ Config for the sampler specific parameters.
-
♦
name
¶ str
(pyrocko.guts.StringChoice
), default:'SMC'
Sampler to use for sampling the solution space. Choices: PT, SMC, Metropolis
-
♦
backend
¶ str
(pyrocko.guts.StringChoice
), default:'csv'
File type to store output traces. Binary is fast, csv is good for easy sample inspection. Choices: csv, bin. Default: csv
-
♦
progressbar
¶ bool
, default:True
Display progressbar(s) during sampling.
-
♦
buffer_size
¶ int
, default:5000
number of samples after which the result buffer is written to disk
-
♦
buffer_thinning
¶ int
, default:1
Factor by which the result trace is thinned before writing to disc.
-
♦
parameters
¶ SamplerParameters
, default:SMCConfig()
Sampler dependend Parameters
-
♦
-
class
config.
SamplerParameters
(**kwargs)[source]¶ Undocumented.
-
♦
tune_interval
¶ int
, default:50
Tune interval for adaptive tuning of Metropolis step size.
-
♦
proposal_dist
¶ str
, default:'Normal'
Normal Proposal distribution, for Metropolis steps;Alternatives: Cauchy, Laplace, Poisson, MultivariateNormal
-
♦
check_bnd
¶ bool
, default:True
Flag for checking whether proposed step lies within variable bounds.
-
♦
rm_flag
¶ bool
, default:False
Remove existing results prior to sampling.
-
♦
-
class
config.
SeismicConfig
(**kwargs)[source]¶ Config for seismic data optimization related parameters.
-
♦
datadir
¶ str
, default:'./'
-
♦
noise_estimator
¶ SeismicNoiseAnalyserConfig
, default:SeismicNoiseAnalyserConfig()
Determines the structure of the data-covariance matrix.
-
♦
responses_path
¶ str
, optionalPath to response file
-
♦
pre_stack_cut
¶ bool
, default:True
Cut the GF traces before stacking around the specified arrival taper
-
♦
station_corrections
¶ bool
, default:False
If set, optimize for time shift for each station.
-
♦
waveforms
¶ list
ofWaveformFitConfig
objects, default:[]
-
♦
dataset_specific_residual_noise_estimation
¶ bool
, default:False
If set, for EACH DATASET specific hyperparameter estimation.n_hypers = nstations * nchannels.If false one hyperparameter for each DATATYPE and displacement COMPONENT.
-
♦
-
class
config.
SeismicGFConfig
(**kwargs)[source]¶ Seismic GF parameters for Layered Halfspace.
-
♦
reference_location
¶ beat.heart.ReferenceLocation
, optionalReference location for the midpoint of the Green’s Function grid.
-
♦
code
¶ str
, default:'qssp'
Modeling code to use. (qssp, qseis, comming soon: qseis2d)
-
♦
sample_rate
¶ float
, default:2.0
Sample rate for the Greens Functions.
-
♦
rm_gfs
¶ bool
, default:True
Flag for removing modeling module GF files after completion.
-
♦
-
class
config.
SeismicGFLibraryConfig
(**kwargs)[source]¶ Config for the linear Seismic GF Library for dumping and loading.
-
♦
wave_config
¶ WaveformFitConfig
, default:WaveformFitConfig()
-
♦
starttime_sampling
¶ float
, default:0.5
-
♦
duration_sampling
¶ float
, default:0.5
-
♦
starttime_min
¶ float
, default:0.0
-
♦
duration_min
¶ float
, default:0.1
-
♦
dimensions
¶ tuple
of 5int
objects, default:(0, 0, 0, 0, 0)
-
♦
datatype
¶ str
, default:'seismic'
-
♦
mapnumber
¶ int
, optional
-
♦
-
class
config.
SeismicLinearGFConfig
(**kwargs)[source]¶ Config for seismic linear GreensFunction calculation parameters.
-
♦
reference_location
¶ beat.heart.ReferenceLocation
, optionalReference location for the midpoint of the Green’s Function grid.
-
♦
duration_sampling
¶ float
, default:1.0
Calculate Green’s Functions for varying Source Time Function durations determined by prior bounds. Discretization between is determined by duration sampling.
-
♦
starttime_sampling
¶ float
, default:1.0
Calculate Green’s Functions for varying rupture onset times.These are determined by the (rupture) velocity prior bounds and the hypocenter location.
-
♦
-
class
config.
SeismicNoiseAnalyserConfig
(**kwargs)[source]¶ Undocumented.
-
♦
structure
¶ str
(pyrocko.guts.StringChoice
), default:'variance'
Determines data-covariance matrix structure. Choices: variance, exponential, import, non-toeplitz
-
♦
pre_arrival_time
¶ float
, default:5.0
Time [s] before synthetic P-wave arrival until variance is estimated
-
♦
-
class
config.
UniformDiscretizationConfig
(**kwargs)[source]¶ Undocumented.
-
♦
patch_widths
¶ list
offloat
objects, default:[5.0]
List of Patch width [km] to divide reference sources. Each value is applied following the list-order to the respective reference source
-
♦
patch_lengths
¶ list
offloat
objects, default:[5.0]
Patch length [km] to divide reference sources Each value is applied following the list-order to the respective reference source
-
♦
-
class
config.
WaveformFitConfig
(**kwargs)[source]¶ Config for specific parameters that are applied to post-process a specific type of waveform and calculate the misfit.
-
♦
include
¶ bool
, default:True
Flag to include waveform into optimization.
-
♦
preprocess_data
¶ bool
, default:True
Flag to filter input data.
-
♦
name
¶ str
, default:'any_P'
-
♦
blacklist
¶ list
ofstr
objects, default:[]
Station name for stations to be thrown out.
-
♦
quantity
¶ str
(pyrocko.guts.StringChoice
), default:'displacement'
Quantity of synthetics to be computed.
-
♦
channels
¶ list
ofstr
objects, default:['Z']
-
♦
filterer
¶ list
ofbeat.heart.FilterBase
objects, default:[]
List of Filters that are applied in the order of the list.
-
♦
distances
¶ tuple
of 2float
objects, default:(30.0, 90.0)
-
♦
interpolation
¶ str
(pyrocko.guts.StringChoice
), default:'multilinear'
GF interpolation sceme. Choices: nearest_neighbor, multilinear
-
♦
arrival_taper
¶ pyrocko.trace.Taper
, default:ArrivalTaper()
Taper a,b/c,d time [s] before/after wave arrival
-
♦
event_idx
¶ int
, optional, default:0
Index to event from events list for reference time and data extraction. Default is 0 - always use the reference event.
-
♦
-
config.
init_config
(name, date=None, min_magnitude=6.0, main_path='./', datatypes=['geodetic'], mode='geometry', source_type='RectangularSource', n_sources=1, waveforms=['any_P'], sampler='SMC', hyper_sampler='Metropolis', use_custom=False, individual_gfs=False)[source]¶ Initialise BEATconfig File and write it main_path/name . Fine parameters have to be edited in the config file .yaml manually.
- Parameters
name (str) – Name of the event
date (str) – ‘YYYY-MM-DD’, date of the event
min_magnitude (scalar, float) – approximate minimum Mw of the event
datatypes (List of strings) – data sets to include in the optimization: either ‘geodetic’ and/or ‘seismic’
mode (str) – type of optimization problem: ‘Geometry’ / ‘Static’/ ‘Kinematic’
n_sources (int) – number of sources to solve for / discretize depending on mode parameter
wavenames (list) – of strings of wavenames to include into the misfit function and GF calculation
sampler (str) – Optimization algorithm to use to sample the solution space Options: ‘SMC’, ‘Metropolis’
use_custom (boolean) – Flag to setup manually a custom velocity model.
individual_gfs (boolean) – Flag to use individual Green’s Functions for each specific station. If false a reference location will be initialised in the config file. If true the reference locations will be taken from the imported station objects.
- Returns
- Return type
-
config.
init_reference_sources
(source_points, n_sources, source_type, stf_type, event=None)[source]¶ Initialise sources of specified geometry
- Parameters
source_points (list) – of dicts or kite sources
The sampler
Module¶
metropolis
¶
Metropolis algorithm module, wrapping the pymc3 implementation. Provides the possibility to update the involved covariance matrixes within the course of sampling the chain.
-
class
sampler.metropolis.
Metropolis
(*args, **kwargs)[source]¶ Metropolis-Hastings sampler
- Parameters
vars (list) – List of variables for sampler
out_vars (list) – List of output variables for trace recording. If empty unobserved_RVs are taken.
n_chains (int) – Number of chains per stage has to be a large number of number of n_jobs (processors to be used) on the machine.
scaling (float) – Factor applied to the proposal distribution i.e. the step size of the Markov Chain
covariance (
numpy.ndarray
) – (n_chains x n_chains) for MutlivariateNormal, otherwise (n_chains) Initial Covariance matrix for proposal distribution, if None - identity matrix takenlikelihood_name (string) – name of the
pymc3.determinsitic
variable that contains the model likelihood - defaults to ‘like’backend (str) – type of backend to use for sample results storage, for alternatives see
backend.backend:catalog
proposal_dist –
pymc3.metropolis.Proposal
Type of proposal distribution, see :module:`pymc3.step_methods.metropolis` for optionstune (boolean) – Flag for adaptive scaling based on the acceptance rate
model (
pymc3.Model
) – Optional model for sampling step. Defaults to None (taken from context).
-
sampler.metropolis.
get_final_stage
(homepath, n_stages, model)[source]¶ Combine Metropolis results into final stage to get one single chain for plotting results.
-
sampler.metropolis.
get_trace_stats
(mtrace, step, burn=0.5, thin=2, n_jobs=1)[source]¶ Get mean value of trace variables and return point.
- Parameters
mtrace (
pymc3.backends.base.MultiTrace
) – Multitrace sampling resultstep (initialised
smc.SMC
sampler object) –burn (float) – Burn-in parameter to throw out samples from the beginning of the trace
thin (int) – Thinning of samples in the trace
- Returns
- Return type
dict with points, covariance matrix
smc
¶
Sequential Monte Carlo Sampler module;
Runs on any pymc3 model.
-
class
sampler.smc.
SMC
(*args, **kwargs)[source]¶ Sequential Monte-Carlo sampler class.
- Parameters
vars (list) – List of variables for sampler
out_vars (list) – List of output variables for trace recording. If empty unobserved_RVs are taken.
n_chains (int) – Number of chains per stage has to be a large number of number of n_jobs (processors to be used) on the machine.
scaling (float) – Factor applied to the proposal distribution i.e. the step size of the Markov Chain
covariance (
numpy.ndarray
) – (n_chains x n_chains) for MutlivariateNormal, otherwise (n_chains) Initial Covariance matrix for proposal distribution, if None - identity matrix takenlikelihood_name (string) – name of the
pymc3.determinsitic
variable that contains the model likelihood - defaults to ‘like’proposal_dist –
pymc3.metropolis.Proposal
Type of proposal distribution, see :module:`pymc3.step_methods.metropolis` for optionstune (boolean) – Flag for adaptive scaling based on the acceptance rate
coef_variation (scalar, float) – Coefficient of variation, determines the change of beta from stage to stage, i.e.indirectly the number of stages, low coef_variation –> slow beta change, results in many stages and vice verca (default: 1.)
check_bound (boolean) – Check if current sample lies outside of variable definition speeds up computation as the forward model wont be executed default: True
model (
pymc3.Model
) – Optional model for sampling step. Defaults to None (taken from context).backend (str) – type of backend to use for sample results storage, for alternatives see
backend.backend:catalog
References
- Ching2007
Ching, J. and Chen, Y. (2007). Transitional Markov Chain Monte Carlo Method for Bayesian Model Updating, Model Class Selection, and Model Averaging. J. Eng. Mech., 10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9399(2007)133:7(816), 816-832. link
-
calc_beta
()[source]¶ Calculate next tempering beta and importance weights based on current beta and sample likelihoods.
- Returns
beta(m+1) (scalar, float) – tempering parameter of the next stage
beta(m) (scalar, float) – tempering parameter of the current stage
weights (
numpy.ndarray
) – Importance weights (floats)
-
calc_covariance
()[source]¶ Calculate trace covariance matrix based on importance weights.
- Returns
cov – weighted covariances (NumPy > 1.10. required)
- Return type
-
get_chain_previous_lpoint
(mtrace)[source]¶ Read trace results and take end points for each chain and set as previous chain result for comparison of metropolis select.
- Parameters
mtrace (
pymc3.backend.base.MultiTrace
) –- Returns
chain_previous_lpoint – all unobservedRV values, including dataset likelihoods
- Return type
-
get_map_end_points
()[source]¶ Calculate mean of the end-points and return point.
- Returns
- Return type
Dictionary of trace variables
-
resample
()[source]¶ Resample pdf based on importance weights. based on Kitagawas deterministic resampling algorithm.
- Returns
outindex – Array of resampled trace indexes
- Return type
-
select_end_points
(mtrace)[source]¶ Read trace results (variables and model likelihood) and take end points for each chain and set as start population for the next stage.
- Parameters
mtrace (
pymc3.backend.base.MultiTrace
) –- Returns
population (list) – of
pymc3.Point()
dictionariesarray_population (
numpy.ndarray
) – Array of trace end-pointslikelihoods (
numpy.ndarray
) – Array of likelihoods of the trace end-points
-
sampler.smc.
smc_sample
(n_steps, step=None, start=None, homepath=None, stage=0, n_jobs=1, progressbar=False, buffer_size=5000, buffer_thinning=1, model=None, update=None, random_seed=None, rm_flag=False)[source]¶ Sequential Monte Carlo samlping
Samples the solution space with n_chains of Metropolis chains, where each chain has n_steps iterations. Once finished, the sampled traces are evaluated:
Based on the likelihoods of the final samples, chains are weighted
the weighted covariance of the ensemble is calculated and set as new proposal distribution
the variation in the ensemble is calculated and the next tempering parameter (beta) calculated
New n_chains Metropolis chains are seeded on the traces with high weight for n_steps iterations
Repeat until beta > 1.
- Parameters
n_steps (int) – The number of samples to draw for each Markov-chain per stage
step (
SMC
) – SMC initialisation objectstart (List of dictionaries) – with length of (n_chains) Starting points in parameter space (or partial point) Defaults to random draws from variables (defaults to empty dict)
stage (int) – Stage where to start or continue the calculation. It is possible to continue after completed stages (stage should be the number of the completed stage + 1). If None the start will be at stage = 0.
n_jobs (int) – The number of cores to be used in parallel. Be aware that theano has internal parallelisation. Sometimes this is more efficient especially for simple models. step.n_chains / n_jobs has to be an integer number!
homepath (string) – Result_folder for storing stages, will be created if not existing.
progressbar (bool) – Flag for displaying a progress bar
buffer_size (int) – this is the number of samples after which the buffer is written to disk or if the chain end is reached
buffer_thinning (int) – every nth sample of the buffer is written to disk default: 1 (no thinning)
model (
pymc3.Model
) – (optional if in with context) has to contain deterministic variable name defined under step.likelihood_name’ that contains the model likelihoodupdate (
models.Problem
) – Problem object that contains all the observed data and (if applicable) covariances to be updated each transition step.rm_flag (bool) – If True existing stage result folders are being deleted prior to sampling.
References
- Minson2013
Minson, S. E. and Simons, M. and Beck, J. L., (2013), Bayesian inversion for finite fault earthquake source models I- Theory and algorithm. Geophysical Journal International, 2013, 194(3), pp.1701-1726, link
pt
¶
Parallel Tempering algorithm with mpi4py
-
class
sampler.pt.
TemperingManager
(step, n_workers, model, progressbar, buffer_size, swap_interval, beta_tune_interval, n_workers_posterior)[source]¶ Manages worker related work attributes and holds mappings between workers, betas and counts acceptance of chain swaps.
Provides methods for chain_swapping and beta adaptation.
-
property
betas
¶ Inverse of Sampler Temperatures. The lower the more likely a step is accepted.
-
get_acceptance_swap
(beta, beta_tune_interval)[source]¶ Returns acceptance rate for swapping states between chains.
-
get_package
(source, trace=None, resample=False, burnin=1000)[source]¶ Register worker to the manager and get assigned the annealing parameter and the work package. If worker was registered previously continues old task. To ensure book-keeping of workers and their sampler states.
- Parameters
source (int) – MPI source id from a worker message
trace (:class:beat.backend.BaseTrace) – Trace object keeping the samples of the Markov Chain
resample (bool) – If True all the Markov Chains are starting sampling in the testvalue
burnin (int) – Number of samples the worker is taking before updating the proposal covariance matrix based on the trace samples
- Returns
step – object that contains the step method how to sample the solution space
- Return type
class:beat.sampler.Metropolis
-
get_posterior_workers
(idxs=False)[source]¶ Worker indexes that are sampling from the posterior (beta == 1.) If idxs is True return indexes to sample and acceptance arrays
-
get_workers_ge_beta
(beta, idxs=False)[source]¶ Get worker source indexes greater, equal given beta. If idxs is True return indexes to sample and acceptance arrays
-
tune_betas
()[source]¶ Evaluate the acceptance rate of posterior workers and the lowest tempered worker. This scaling here has the inverse behaviour of metropolis step scaling! If there is little acceptance more exploration is needed and lower beta values are desired.
-
property
-
sampler.pt.
pt_sample
(step, n_chains, n_samples=100000, start=None, swap_interval=(100, 300), beta_tune_interval=10000, n_workers_posterior=1, homepath='', progressbar=True, buffer_size=5000, buffer_thinning=1, model=None, rm_flag=False, resample=False, keep_tmp=False, record_worker_chains=False)[source]¶ Paralell Tempering algorithm
(adaptive) Metropolis sampling over n_jobs of MC chains. Half (floor) of these are sampling at beta = 1 (the posterior). The other half of the MC chains are tempered linearly down to beta = 1e-6. Randomly, the states of chains are swapped based on the Metropolis-Hastings acceptance criterion to the power of the differences in beta of the involved chains. The samples are written to disk only by the master process. Once the specified number of samples is reached sampling is stopped.
- Parameters
step (
beat.sampler.Metropolis
) – sampler objectn_chains (int) – number of Markov Chains to use
n_samples (int) – number of samples in the result trace, if reached sampling stops
swap_interval (tuple) – interval for uniform random integer that determines the length of each MarkovChain on each worker. The chain end values of workers are proposed for swapping state and are written in the final trace
beta_tune_interval (int) – Evaluate acceptance rate of chain swaps and tune betas similar to proposal step tuning
n_workers_posterior (int) – number of workers that sample from the posterior distribution at beta=1
homepath (string) – Result_folder for storing stages, will be created if not existing
progressbar (bool) – Flag for displaying a progress bar
buffer_size (int) – this is the number of samples after which the buffer is written to disk or if the chain end is reached
buffer_thinning (int) – every nth sample of the buffer is written to disk, default: 1 (no thinning)
model (
pymc3.Model
) – (optional if in with context) has to contain deterministic variable name defined under step.likelihood_name’ that contains the model likelihoodrm_flag (bool) – If True existing stage result folders are being deleted prior to sampling.
resample (bool) – If True all the Markov Chains are starting sampling at the testvalue
keep_tmp (bool) – If True the execution directory (under ‘/tmp/’) is not being deleted after process finishes
record_worker_chains (bool) – If True worker chain samples are written to disc using the specified backend trace objects (during sampler initialization). Very useful for debugging purposes. MUST be False for runs on distributed computing systems!
-
sampler.pt.
sample_pt_chain
(draws, step=None, start=None, trace=None, chain=0, tune=None, progressbar=True, model=None, random_seed=- 1)[source]¶ Sample a single chain of the Parallel Tempering algorithm and return the last sample of the chain. Depending on the step object the MarkovChain can have various step behaviour, e.g. Metropolis, NUTS, …
- Parameters
draws (int or
beat.sampler.base.Proposal
) – The number of samples to draw for each Markov-chain per stage or a Proposal distributionstep (
sampler.metropolis.Metropolis
) – Metropolis initialisation objectstart (dict) – Starting point in parameter space (or partial point) Defaults to random draws from variables (defaults to empty dict)
chain (int) – Chain number used to store sample in backend.
stage (int) – Stage where to start or continue the calculation. It is possible to continue after completed stages (stage should be the number of the completed stage + 1). If None the start will be at stage = 0.
tune (int) – Number of iterations to tune, if applicable (defaults to None)
progressbar (bool) – Flag for displaying a progress bar
model (
pymc3.Model
) – (optional if in with context) has to contain deterministic variable name defined under step.likelihood_name’ that contains the model likelihood
- Returns
- Return type
numpy.NdArray
with end-point of the MarkovChain
The parallel
Module¶
-
exception
parallel.
TimeoutException
(jobstack=[])[source]¶ Exception raised if a per-task timeout fires.
-
class
parallel.
WatchedWorker
(task, work, initializer=None, initargs=(), timeout=65535)[source]¶ Wrapper class for parallel execution of a task.
- Parameters
task (function to execute) –
work (List) – of arguments to specified function
timeout (int) – time [s] after which worker is fired, default 65536s
-
parallel.
borrow_all_memories
(shared_params, memshared_instances)[source]¶ Run theano_borrow_memory on a list of params and shared memory sharedctypes.
- Parameters
shared_params (list) – of
theano.tensor.sharedvar.TensorSharedVariable
the Theano shared variable where shared memory should be used instead.memshared_instances (dict of tuples) – of
multiprocessing.RawArray
and their shapes the memory shared across processes (e.g.from memshare_sparams)
Notes
Same as borrow_memory but for lists of shared memories and theano variables. See borrow_memory
-
parallel.
borrow_memory
(shared_param, memshared_instance, shape)[source]¶ Spawn different processes with the shared memory of your theano model’s variables.
- Parameters
shared_param (
theano.tensor.sharedvar.TensorSharedVariable
) – the Theano shared variable where shared memory should be used instead.memshared_instance (
multiprocessing.RawArray
) – the memory shared across processes (e.g.from memshare_sparams)shape (tuple) – of shape of shared instance
Notes
Modiefied from: https://github.com/JonathanRaiman/theano_lstm/blob/master/theano_lstm/shared_memory.py
For each process in the target function run the theano_borrow_memory method on the parameters you want to have share memory across processes. In this example we have a model called “mymodel” with parameters stored in a list called “params”. We loop through each theano shared variable and call borrow_memory on it to share memory across processes.
Examples
>>> def spawn_model(path, wrapped_params): # prevent recompilation and arbitrary locks >>> theano.config.reoptimize_unpickled_function = False >>> theano.gof.compilelock.set_lock_status(False) # load your function from its pickled instance (from path) >>> myfunction = MyFunction.load(path) # for each parameter in your function # apply the borrow memory strategy to replace # the internal parameter's memory with the # across-process memory: >>> for param, memshared_instance in zip( >>> myfunction.get_shared(), memshared_instances): >>> borrow_memory(param, memory) # acquire your dataset (either through some smart shared memory # or by reloading it for each process) # dataset, dataset_labels = acquire_dataset() # then run your model forward in this process >>> epochs = 20 >>> for epoch in range(epochs): >>> model.update_fun(dataset, dataset_labels)
See borrow_all_memories for list usage.
-
parallel.
check_available_memory
(filesize)[source]¶ Checks if the system memory can handle the given filesize.
- Parameters
filesize (float) – in [Mb] megabyte
-
parallel.
exception_tracer
(func)[source]¶ Function decorator that returns a traceback if an Error is raised in a child process of a pool.
Add parameters to set of variables that are to be put into shared memory.
- Parameters
parameternames (list of str) – off names to
theano.tensor.sharedvar.TensorSharedVariable
For each parameter in a list of Theano TensorSharedVariable we substitute the memory with a sharedctype using the multiprocessing library.
The wrapped memory can then be used by other child processes thereby synchronising different instances of a model across processes (e.g. for multi cpu gradient descent using single cpu Theano code).
- Parameters
shared_params (list) – of
theano.tensor.sharedvar.TensorSharedVariable
- Returns
memshared_instances – of
multiprocessing.sharedctypes.RawArray
list of sharedctypes (shared memory arrays) that point to the memory used by the current process’s Theano variable.- Return type
Notes
Modified from: https://github.com/JonathanRaiman/theano_lstm/blob/master/theano_lstm/shared_memory.py
# define some theano function: myfunction = myfunction(20, 50, etc…)
# wrap the memory of the Theano variables: memshared_instances = make_params_shared(myfunction.get_shared())
Then you can use this memory in child processes (See usage of borrow_memory)
-
parallel.
overseer
(timeout)[source]¶ Function decorator that raises a TimeoutException exception after timeout seconds, if the decorated function did not return.
-
parallel.
paripool
(function, workpackage, nprocs=None, chunksize=1, timeout=65535, initializer=None, initargs=(), worker_initializer=None, winitargs=())[source]¶ Initialises a pool of workers and executes a function in parallel by forking the process. Does forking once during initialisation.
- Parameters
function (function) – python function to be executed in parallel
workpackage (list) – of iterables that are to be looped over/ executed in parallel usually these objects are different for each task.
nprocs (int) – number of processors to be used in paralell process
chunksize (int) – number of work packages to throw at workers in each instance
timeout (int) – time [s] after which processes are killed, default: 65536s
initializer (function) – to init pool with may be container for shared arrays
initargs (tuple) – of arguments for the initializer
worker_initializer (function) – to initialize each worker process
winitargs (tuple) – of argument to worker_initializer
The backend
Module¶
Text file trace backend modified from pymc3 to work efficiently with SMC
Store sampling values as CSV files.
File format¶
Sampling values for each chain are saved in a separate file (under a directory specified by the dir_path argument). The rows correspond to sampling iterations. The column names consist of variable names and index labels. For example, the heading
x,y__0_0,y__0_1,y__1_0,y__1_1,y__2_0,y__2_1
represents two variables, x and y, where x is a scalar and y has a shape of (3, 2).
Modified ArrayStepShared To handle returned larger point including the likelihood values. Takes additionally a list of output vars including the likelihoods.
-
class
backend.
BaseChain
(model=None, vars=None, buffer_size=5000, buffer_thinning=1)[source]¶ Base chain object, independent of file or memory output.
- Parameters
model (Model) – If None, the model is taken from the with context.
vars (list of variables) – Sampling values will be stored for these variables. If None, model.unobserved_RVs is used.
-
class
backend.
FileChain
(dir_path='', model=None, vars=None, buffer_size=5000, buffer_thinning=1, progressbar=False, k=None)[source]¶ Base class for a trace written to a file with buffer functionality and rogressbar. Buffer is a list of tuples of lpoints and a draw index. Inheriting classes must define the methods: ‘_write_data_to_file’ and ‘_load_df’
-
class
backend.
MemoryChain
(buffer_size=5000)[source]¶ Slim memory trace object. Keeps points in a list in memory.
-
class
backend.
NumpyChain
(dir_path, model=None, vars=None, buffer_size=5000, progressbar=False, k=None, buffer_thinning=1)[source]¶ Numpy binary trace object based on ‘.bin’ files. Fast in reading and writing. Bad for debugging.
- Parameters
dir_path (str) – Name of directory to store text files
model (Model) – If None, the model is taken from the with context.
vars (list of variables) – Sampling values will be stored for these variables. If None, model.unobserved_RVs is used.
buffer_size (int) – this is the number of samples after which the buffer is written to disk or if the chain end is reached
buffer_thinning (int) – every nth sample of the buffer is written to disk
progressbar (boolean) – flag if a progressbar is active, if not a logmessage is printed everytime the buffer is written to disk
k (int, optional) – if given dont use shape from testpoint as size of transd variables
-
construct_data_structure
()[source]¶ Create a dtype to store the data based on varnames in a numpy array.
- Returns
- Return type
A numpy.dtype
-
point
(idx)[source]¶ Get point of current chain with variables names as keys.
- Parameters
idx (int) – Index of the nth step of the chain
- Returns
- Return type
dictionary of point values
-
setup
(draws, chain, overwrite=False)[source]¶ Perform chain-specific setup. Creates file with header. If exist not overwritten again unless flag is set.
- Parameters
draws (int.) – Expected number of draws
chain – int. Chain number
overwrite – Bool (optional). True(default) if file need to be overwrite, false otherwise.
-
class
backend.
TextChain
(dir_path, model=None, vars=None, buffer_size=5000, buffer_thinning=1, progressbar=False, k=None)[source]¶ Text trace object based on ‘.csv’ files. Slow in reading and writing. Good for debugging.
- Parameters
dir_path (str) – Name of directory to store text files
model (Model) – If None, the model is taken from the with context.
vars (list of variables) – Sampling values will be stored for these variables. If None, model.unobserved_RVs is used.
buffer_size (int) – this is the number of samples after which the buffer is written to disk or if the chain end is reached
buffer_thinning (int) – every nth sample of the buffer is written to disk
progressbar (boolean) – flag if a progressbar is active, if not a logmessage is printed everytime the buffer is written to disk
k (int, optional) – if given dont use shape from testpoint as size of transd variables
-
get_values
(varname, burn=0, thin=1)[source]¶ Get values from trace.
- Parameters
- Returns
- Return type
numpy.array
-
class
backend.
TransDTextChain
(name, model=None, vars=None, buffer_size=5000, progressbar=False)[source]¶ Result Trace object for trans-d problems. Manages several TextChains one for each dimension.
-
backend.
check_multitrace
(mtrace, draws, n_chains, buffer_thinning=1)[source]¶ Check multitrace for incomplete sampling and return indexes from chains that need to be resampled.
-
backend.
concatenate_traces
(mtraces)[source]¶ Concatenate a List of MultiTraces with same chain indexes.
-
backend.
extract_bounds_from_summary
(summary, varname, shape, roundto=None, alpha=0.01)[source]¶ Extract lower and upper bound of random variable.
- Returns
- Return type
list of num.Ndarray
-
backend.
extract_variables_from_df
(dataframe)[source]¶ Extract random variables and their shapes from the pymc3-pandas data-frame
- Parameters
dataframe (
pandas.DataFrame
) –- Returns
flat_names (dict) – with variable-names and respective flat-name indexes to data-frame
var_shapes (dict) – with variable names and shapes
-
backend.
get_highest_sampled_stage
(homedir, return_final=False)[source]¶ Return stage number of stage that has been sampled before the final stage.
-
backend.
load_multitrace
(dirname, varnames=[], chains=None, backend='csv')[source]¶ Load TextChain database.
-
backend.
load_sampler_params
(project_dir, stage_number, mode)[source]¶ Load saved parameters from given ATMIP stage.
The models
Module¶
problems
¶
-
class
models.problems.
DistributionOptimizer
(config, hypers=False)[source]¶ Defines the model setup to solve the linear slip-distribution and returns the model object.
- Parameters
config (:class:'config.BEATconfig') – Contains all the information about the model setup and optimization boundaries, as well as the sampler parameters.
-
class
models.problems.
GeometryOptimizer
(config, hypers=False)[source]¶ Defines the model setup to solve for the non-linear fault geometry.
- Parameters
config (:class:'config.BEATconfig') – Contains all the information about the model setup and optimization boundaries, as well as the sampler parameters.
-
models.problems.
load_model
(project_dir, mode, hypers=False, build=True)[source]¶ Load config from project directory and return BEAT problem including model.
- Parameters
project_dir (string) – path to beat model directory
mode (string) – problem name to be loaded
hypers (boolean) – flag to return hyper parameter estimation model instead of main model.
build (boolean) – flag to build models
- Returns
problem
- Return type
Problem
seismic
¶
-
class
models.seismic.
SeismicDistributerComposite
(sc, project_dir, events, hypers=False)[source]¶ Comprises how to solve the seismic (kinematic) linear forward model. Distributed slip
-
get_synthetics
(point, **kwargs)[source]¶ Get synthetics for given point in solution space.
- Parameters
point (
pymc3.Point()
) – Dictionary with model parametersespecially to change output of the forward model (kwargs) – outmode: stacked_traces/ tapered_data/ array
- Returns
- Return type
list with
heart.SeismicDataset
synthetics for each target
-
load_fault_geometry
()[source]¶ Load fault-geometry, i.e. discretized patches.
- Returns
- Return type
heart.FaultGeometry
-
load_gfs
(crust_inds=None, make_shared=True)[source]¶ Load Greens Function matrixes for each variable to be inverted for. Updates gfs and gf_names attributes.
-
-
class
models.seismic.
SeismicGeometryComposite
(sc, project_dir, sources, events, hypers=False)[source]¶ Comprises how to solve the non-linear seismic forward model.
- Parameters
sc (
config.SeismicConfig
) – configuration object containing seismic setup parametersproject_dir (str) – directory of the model project, where to find the data
sources (list) – of
pyrocko.gf.seismosizer.Source
events (list) – of
pyrocko.model.Event
contains information of reference event(s), coordinates of reference point(s) and source time(s)hypers (boolean) – if true initialise object for hyper parameter optimization
-
get_formula
(input_rvs, fixed_rvs, hyperparams, problem_config)[source]¶ Get seismic likelihood formula for the model built. Has to be called within a with model context.
- Parameters
input_rvs (list) – of
pymc3.distribution.Distribution
of source parametersfixed_rvs (dict) – of
numpy.array
hyperparams (dict) – of
pymc3.distribution.Distribution
problem_config (
config.ProblemConfig
) –
- Returns
posterior_llk
- Return type
theano.tensor.Tensor
-
get_synthetics
(point, **kwargs)[source]¶ Get synthetics for given point in solution space.
- Parameters
point (
pymc3.Point()
) – Dictionary with model parametersespecially to change output of seismic forward model (kwargs) – outmode = ‘traces’/ ‘array’ / ‘data’
- Returns
default
- Return type
array of synthetics for all targets
geodetic
¶
-
class
models.geodetic.
GeodeticDistributerComposite
(gc, project_dir, events, hypers=False)[source]¶ Comprises how to solve the geodetic (static) linear forward model. Distributed slip
-
get_formula
(input_rvs, fixed_rvs, hyperparams, problem_config)[source]¶ Formulation of the distribution problem for the model built. Has to be called within a with-model-context.
-
get_synthetics
(point, outmode='data')[source]¶ Get synthetics for given point in solution space.
- Parameters
point (
pymc3.Point()
) – Dictionary with model parametersespecially to change output of the forward model (kwargs) –
- Returns
- Return type
list with
numpy.ndarray
synthetics for each target
-
load_fault_geometry
()[source]¶ Load fault-geometry, i.e. discretized patches.
- Returns
- Return type
heart.FaultGeometry
-
load_gfs
(crust_inds=None, make_shared=True)[source]¶ Load Greens Function matrixes for each variable to be inverted for. Updates gfs and gf_names attributes.
-
-
class
models.geodetic.
GeodeticGeometryComposite
(gc, project_dir, sources, events, hypers=False)[source]¶ -
get_synthetics
(point, **kwargs)[source]¶ Get synthetics for given point in solution space.
- Parameters
point (
pymc3.Point()
) – Dictionary with model parametersespecially to change output of the forward model (kwargs) –
- Returns
- Return type
list with
numpy.ndarray
synthetics for each target
-
-
class
models.geodetic.
GeodeticInterseismicComposite
(gc, project_dir, sources, events, hypers=False)[source]¶ -
get_synthetics
(point, **kwargs)[source]¶ Get synthetics for given point in solution space.
- Parameters
point (
pymc3.Point()
) – Dictionary with model parametersespecially to change output of the forward model (kwargs) –
- Returns
- Return type
list with
numpy.ndarray
synthetics for each target
-
The psgrn
Module¶
This module got merged with the pscmp module and is now part of the pyrocko library and may be removed from the beat repository in the future.
-
class
psgrn.
PsGrnConfig
(**kwargs)[source]¶ Undocumented.
-
♦
psgrn_version
¶ str
, default:'2008a'
-
♦
n_snapshots
¶ int
, default:1
-
♦
max_time
¶ float
, default:1.0
-
♦
observation_depth
¶ float
, default:0.0
-
♦
-
class
psgrn.
PsGrnConfigFull
(**kwargs)[source]¶ Undocumented.
-
♦
earthmodel_1d
¶ pyrocko.cake.LayeredModel
(pyrocko.gf.meta.Earthmodel1D
), optional
-
♦
psgrn_outdir
¶ str
, default:'psgrn_green/'
-
♦
sampling_interval
¶ float
, default:1.0
-
♦
sw_source_regime
¶ int
, default:1
-
♦
sw_gravity
¶ int
, default:0
-
♦
accuracy_wavenumber_integration
¶ float
, default:0.025
-
♦
displ_filenames
¶ tuple
of 3str
objects, default:('uz', 'ur', 'ut')
-
♦
stress_filenames
¶ tuple
of 6str
objects, default:('szz', 'srr', 'stt', 'szr', 'srt', 'stz')
-
♦
tilt_filenames
¶ tuple
of 3str
objects, default:('tr', 'tt', 'rot')
-
♦
gravity_filenames
¶ tuple
of 2str
objects, default:('gd', 'gr')
-
♦
The pscmp
Module¶
This module got merged with the psgrn module and is now part of the pyrocko library and may be removed from the beat repository in the future.
-
class
pscmp.
PsCmpArray
(**kwargs)[source]¶ Undocumented.
-
♦
n_steps_x
¶ int
, default:10
-
♦
n_steps_y
¶ int
, default:10
-
♦
start_distance_x
¶ float
, default:0.0
minimum distance in x-direction (E) from source [m]
-
♦
end_distance_x
¶ float
, default:100000.0
maximum distance in x-direction (E) from source [m]
-
♦
start_distance_y
¶ float
, default:0.0
minimum distance in y-direction (N) from source [m]
-
♦
end_distance_y
¶ float
, default:100000.0
minimum distance in y-direction (N) from source [m]
-
♦
-
class
pscmp.
PsCmpConfig
(**kwargs)[source]¶ Undocumented.
-
♦
pscmp_version
¶ str
, default:'2008a'
-
♦
observation
¶ PsCmpObservation
, default:PsCmpScatter()
-
♦
pscmp_outdir
¶ str
, default:'./'
-
♦
psgrn_outdir
¶ str
, default:'./psgrn_functions/'
-
♦
los_vector
¶ tuple
of 3float
objects, optional
-
♦
times_snapshots
¶ list
offloat
objects, optional
-
♦
rectangular_source_patches
¶ list
ofpyrocko.guts.Any
objects, default:[<pscmp.PsCmpRectangularSource object at 0x7ff76ebc46a0>]
-
♦
-
class
pscmp.
PsCmpConfigFull
(**kwargs)[source]¶ Undocumented.
-
♦
sw_los_displacement
¶ int
, default:0
-
♦
sw_coulomb_stress
¶ int
, default:0
-
♦
coulomb_master_field
¶ PsCmpCoulombStress
, optional, default:PsCmpCoulombStressMasterFault()
-
♦
displ_sw_output_types
¶ tuple
of 3int
objects, default:(1, 1, 1)
-
♦
stress_sw_output_types
¶ tuple
of 6int
objects, default:(0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0)
-
♦
tilt_sw_output_types
¶ tuple
of 3int
objects, default:(0, 0, 0)
-
♦
gravity_sw_output_types
¶ tuple
of 2int
objects, default:(0, 0)
-
♦
displ_filenames
¶ tuple
of 3str
objects, default:('uz', 'ur', 'ut')
-
♦
stress_filenames
¶ tuple
of 6str
objects, default:('szz', 'srr', 'stt', 'szr', 'srt', 'stz')
-
♦
tilt_filenames
¶ tuple
of 3str
objects, default:('tr', 'tt', 'rot')
-
♦
gravity_filenames
¶ tuple
of 2str
objects, default:('gd', 'gr')
-
♦
snapshot_basefilename
¶ str
, default:'snapshot'
-
♦
-
class
pscmp.
PsCmpCoulombStressMasterFault
(**kwargs)[source]¶ Undocumented.
-
♦
friction
¶ float
, default:0.7
-
♦
skempton_ratio
¶ float
, default:0.0
-
♦
master_fault_strike
¶ float
, default:300.0
-
♦
master_fault_dip
¶ float
, default:15.0
-
♦
master_fault_rake
¶ float
, default:90.0
-
♦
sigma1
¶ float
, default:1000000.0
-
♦
sigma2
¶ float
, default:-1000000.0
-
♦
sigma3
¶ float
, default:0.0
-
♦
-
class
pscmp.
PsCmpProfile
(**kwargs)[source]¶ Undocumented.
-
♦
n_steps
¶ int
, default:10
-
♦
start_distance
¶ float
, default:0.0
minimum distance from source [m]
-
♦
end_distance
¶ float
, default:100000.0
minimum distance from source [m]
-
♦
-
class
pscmp.
PsCmpRectangularSource
(**kwargs)[source]¶ Input parameters have to be in: [deg] for reference point (lat, lon) and angles (rake, strike, dip) [m] shifting with respect to reference position [m] for fault dimensions and source depth. The default shift of the origin (pos_s, pos_d) with respect to the reference coordinates (lat, lon) is zero. The depth parameter can be either top edge or center can be modified by using the update method (use flag: top_depth=(True)/False).
-
♦
length
¶ float
, default:6000.0
-
♦
width
¶ float
, default:5000.0
-
♦
strike
¶ float
, default:0.0
-
♦
dip
¶ float
, default:90.0
-
♦
rake
¶ float
, default:0.0
-
♦
torigin
¶ float
, default:0.0
-
♦
slip
¶ float
, optional, default:1.0
-
♦
pos_s
¶ float
, optional
-
♦
pos_d
¶ float
, optional
-
♦
opening
¶ float
, default:0.0
-
update
(top_depth=True, **kwargs)[source]¶ - Change some of the source models parameters.
Input update depth per default: Top depth!
Example:
>>> from pyrocko import gf >>> s = gf.DCSource() >>> s.update(strike=66., dip=33.) >>> print s --- !pf.DCSource depth: 0.0 time: 1970-01-01 00:00:00 magnitude: 6.0 strike: 66.0 dip: 33.0 rake: 0.0
-
♦
The interseismic
Module¶
Module for interseismic models.
Block-backslip model¶
The fault is assumed to be locked above a certain depth “locking_depth” and it is creeping with the rate of the defined plate- which is handled as a rigid block.
STILL EXPERIMENTAL!
References
Savage & Prescott 1978 Metzger et al. 2011
-
interseismic.
geo_backslip_synthetics
(engine, sources, targets, lons, lats, reference, amplitude, azimuth, locking_depth)[source]¶ Interseismic backslip model: forward model for synthetic displacements(n,e,d) [m] caused by a rigid moving block defined by the bounding geometry of rectangular faults. The reference location determines the stable regions. The amplitude and azimuth determines the amount and direction of the moving block. Based on this block-movement the upper part of the crust that is not locked is assumed to slip back. Thus the final synthetics are the superposition of the block-movement and the backslip.
- Parameters
engine (
pyrocko.gf.seismosizer.LocalEngine
) –sources (list) – of
pyrocko.gf.seismosizer.RectangularSource
Sources to calculate synthetics fortargets (list) – of
pyrocko.gf.targets.StaticTarget
lons (list of floats, or
numpy.ndarray
) – longitudes [deg] of observation pointslats (list of floats, or
numpy.ndarray
) – latitudes [deg] of observation pointsamplitude (float) – slip [m] of the moving block
azimuth (float) – azimuth-angle[deg] ergo direction of moving block towards North
locking_depth (
numpy.ndarray
) – locking_depth [km] of the fault(s) below there is no movementreference (
heart.ReferenceLocation
) – reference location that determines the stable block
- Returns
(n x 3) [North, East, Down] displacements [m]
- Return type
The covariance
Module¶
-
class
covariance.
SeismicNoiseAnalyser
(structure='identity', pre_arrival_time=5.0, engine=None, events=None, sources=None, chop_bounds=['b', 'c'])[source]¶ Seismic noise analyser
- Parameters
structure (string) – either identity, exponential, import
pre_arrival_time (float) – in [s], time before P arrival until variance is estimated
engine (
pyrocko.gf.seismosizer.LocalEngine
) – processing object for synthetics calculationevents (list) – of
pyrocko.meta.Event
reference event(s) from catalogchop_bounds (list of len 2) – of taper attributes a, b, c, or d
-
covariance.
geodetic_cov_velocity_models
(engine, sources, targets, dataset, plot=False, event=None, n_jobs=1)[source]¶ Calculate model prediction uncertainty matrix with respect to uncertainties in the velocity model for geodetic targets using fomosto GF stores.
- Parameters
engine (
pyrocko.gf.seismosizer.LocalEngine
) – contains synthetics generation machinetarget (
pyrocko.gf.targets.StaticTarget
) – dataset and observation points to calculate covariance forsources (list) – of
pyrocko.gf.seismosizer.Source
determines the covariance matrixplot (boolean) – if set, a plot is produced and not covariance matrix is returned
- Returns
- Return type
numpy.ndarray
with Covariance due to velocity model uncertainties
-
covariance.
geodetic_cov_velocity_models_pscmp
(store_superdir, crust_inds, target, sources)[source]¶ Calculate model prediction uncertainty matrix with respect to uncertainties in the velocity model for geodetic targets based on pscmp. Deprecated!!!
- Parameters
store_superdir (str) – Absolute path to the geodetic GreensFunction directory
crust_inds (list) – of int of indices for respective GreensFunction store indexes
target (
heart.GeodeticDataset
) – dataset and observation points to calculate covariance forsources (list) – of
pscmp.PsCmpRectangularSource
determines the covariance matrix
- Returns
- Return type
numpy.ndarray
with Covariance due to velocity model uncertainties
-
covariance.
seismic_cov_velocity_models
(engine, sources, targets, arrival_taper, arrival_time, wavename, filterer, plot=False, n_jobs=1, chop_bounds=['b', 'c'])[source]¶ Calculate model prediction uncertainty matrix with respect to uncertainties in the velocity model for station and channel.
- Parameters
engine (
pyrocko.gf.seismosizer.LocalEngine
) – contains synthetics generation machinesources (list) – of
pyrocko.gf.seismosizer.Source
targets (list) – of
pyrocko.gf.seismosizer.Targets
arrival_taper – determines tapering around phase Arrival
arrival_time (None or
numpy.NdArray
or float) – of phase to apply taper, if None theoretic arrival of ray tracing usedfilterer (list) – of
heart.Filter
determining the filtering corner frequencies of various filtersplot (boolean) – open snuffler and browse traces if True
n_jobs (int) – number of processors to be used for calculation
- Returns
- Return type
numpy.ndarray
with Covariance due to velocity model uncertainties
The theanof
Module¶
Package for wrapping various functions into Theano-Ops to be able to include them into theano graphs as is needed by the pymc3 models.
- Far future:
include a ‘def grad:’ -method to each Op in order to enable the use of gradient based optimization algorithms
-
class
theanof.
EulerPole
(lats, lons, data_mask)[source]¶ Theano Op for rotation of geodetic observations around Euler Pole.
- Parameters
-
perform
(node, inputs, output)[source]¶ Required: Calculate the function on the inputs and put the variables in the output storage. Return None.
- Parameters
Notes
The output_storage list might contain data. If an element of output_storage is not None, it has to be of the right type, for instance, for a TensorVariable, it has to be a Numpy ndarray, with the right number of dimensions, and the correct dtype. Its shape and stride pattern, can be arbitrary. It not is guaranteed that it was produced by a previous call to impl. It could be allocated by another Op impl is free to reuse it as it sees fit, or to discard it and allocate new memory.
- Raises
MethodNotDefined – The subclass does not override this method.
-
class
theanof.
GeoInterseismicSynthesizer
(lats, lons, engine, targets, sources, reference)[source]¶ Theano wrapper to transform the parameters of block model to parameters of a fault.
-
make_node
(inputs)[source]¶ Transforms theano tensors to node and allocates variables accordingly.
- Parameters
inputs (dict) – keys being strings of source attributes of the
pyrocko.gf.seismosizer.RectangularSource
that was used to initialise the Operator. values aretheano.tensor.Tensor
-
perform
(node, inputs, output)[source]¶ Perform method of the Operator to calculate synthetic displacements.
- Parameters
inputs (list) – of
numpy.ndarray
output (list) – of synthetic displacements of
numpy.ndarray
(n x 3)
-
-
class
theanof.
GeoLayerSynthesizerPsCmp
(lats, lons, store_superdir, crust_ind, sources)[source]¶ Theano wrapper for a geodetic forward model for static observation points. Direct call to PsCmp, needs PsGrn Greens Function store! Deprecated, currently not used in composites.
- Parameters
lats (n x 1
numpy.ndarray
) – with latitudes of observation pointslons (n x 1
numpy.ndarray
) – with longitudes of observation pointsstore_superdir (str) – with absolute path to the GF store super directory
crust_ind (int) – with the index to the GF store
sources (
pscmp.RectangularSource
) – to be used in generating the synthetic displacements
-
make_node
(inputs)[source]¶ Transforms theano tensors to node and allocates variables accordingly.
- Parameters
inputs (dict) – keys being strings of source attributes of the
pscmp.RectangularSource
that was used to initialise the Operator values aretheano.tensor.Tensor
-
perform
(node, inputs, output)[source]¶ Perform method of the Operator to calculate synthetic displacements.
- Parameters
inputs (list) – of
numpy.ndarray
output (list) – of synthetic displacements of
numpy.ndarray
(n x 1)
-
class
theanof.
GeoSynthesizer
(engine, sources, targets)[source]¶ Theano wrapper for a geodetic forward model with synthetic displacements. Uses pyrocko engine and fomosto GF stores. Input order does not matter anymore! Did in previous version.
- Parameters
engine (
pyrocko.gf.seismosizer.LocalEngine
) –sources (List) – containing
pyrocko.gf.seismosizer.Source
Objectstargets (List) – containing
pyrocko.gf.targets.StaticTarget
Objects
-
make_node
(inputs)[source]¶ Transforms theano tensors to node and allocates variables accordingly.
- Parameters
inputs (dict) – keys being strings of source attributes of the
pscmp.RectangularSource
that was used to initialise the Operator values aretheano.tensor.Tensor
-
perform
(node, inputs, output)[source]¶ Perform method of the Operator to calculate synthetic displacements.
- Parameters
inputs (list) – of
numpy.ndarray
output (list) –
of synthetic waveforms of
numpy.ndarray
(n x nsamples)of start times of the first waveform samples
numpy.ndarray
(n x 1)
-
class
theanof.
SeisDataChopper
(sample_rate, traces, arrival_taper, filterer)[source]¶ Deprecated!
-
perform
(node, inputs, output)[source]¶ Required: Calculate the function on the inputs and put the variables in the output storage. Return None.
- Parameters
Notes
The output_storage list might contain data. If an element of output_storage is not None, it has to be of the right type, for instance, for a TensorVariable, it has to be a Numpy ndarray, with the right number of dimensions, and the correct dtype. Its shape and stride pattern, can be arbitrary. It not is guaranteed that it was produced by a previous call to impl. It could be allocated by another Op impl is free to reuse it as it sees fit, or to discard it and allocate new memory.
- Raises
MethodNotDefined – The subclass does not override this method.
-
-
class
theanof.
SeisSynthesizer
(engine, sources, targets, event, arrival_taper, arrival_times, wavename, filterer, pre_stack_cut, station_corrections)[source]¶ Theano wrapper for a seismic forward model with synthetic waveforms. Input order does not matter anymore! Did in previous version.
- Parameters
engine (
pyrocko.gf.seismosizer.LocalEngine
) –sources (List) – containing
pyrocko.gf.seismosizer.Source
Objectstargets (List) – containing
pyrocko.gf.seismosizer.Target
Objectsarrival_taper (
heart.ArrivalTaper
) –arrival_times (
ǹumpy.NdArray
) – with synthetic arrival times wrt reference eventfilterer (
heart.Filterer
) –
-
make_node
(inputs)[source]¶ Transforms theano tensors to node and allocates variables accordingly.
- Parameters
inputs (dict) – keys being strings of source attributes of the
pscmp.RectangularSource
that was used to initialise the Operator values aretheano.tensor.Tensor
-
perform
(node, inputs, output)[source]¶ Perform method of the Operator to calculate synthetic displacements.
- Parameters
inputs (list) – of
numpy.ndarray
output (list) –
of synthetic waveforms of
numpy.ndarray
(n x nsamples)of start times of the first waveform samples
numpy.ndarray
(n x 1)
-
class
theanof.
StrainRateTensor
(lats, lons, data_mask)[source]¶ TheanoOp for internal block deformation through 2d area strain rate tensor.
- Parameters
-
perform
(node, inputs, output)[source]¶ Required: Calculate the function on the inputs and put the variables in the output storage. Return None.
- Parameters
Notes
The output_storage list might contain data. If an element of output_storage is not None, it has to be of the right type, for instance, for a TensorVariable, it has to be a Numpy ndarray, with the right number of dimensions, and the correct dtype. Its shape and stride pattern, can be arbitrary. It not is guaranteed that it was produced by a previous call to impl. It could be allocated by another Op impl is free to reuse it as it sees fit, or to discard it and allocate new memory.
- Raises
MethodNotDefined – The subclass does not override this method.
-
class
theanof.
Sweeper
(patch_size, n_patch_dip, n_patch_strike, implementation)[source]¶ Theano Op for C implementation of the fast sweep algorithm.
- Parameters
-
perform
(node, inputs, output)[source]¶ Return start-times of rupturing patches with respect to given hypocenter.
- Parameters
- Returns
starttimes
- Return type
float, vector
Notes
Here we call the C-implementation on purpose with swapped strike and dip directions, because we need the fault dipping in row directions of the array. The C-implementation has it along columns!!!
The utility
Module¶
This module provides a namespace for various functions: coordinate transformations, loading and storing objects, book-keeping of indexes in arrays that relate to defined variable names, manipulation of various pyrocko objects and many more …
-
class
utility.
Counter
[source]¶ Counts calls of types with string_ids. Repeated calls with the same string id increase the count.
-
class
utility.
DataMap
(list_ind, slc, shp, dtype, name)¶ -
property
dtype
¶ Alias for field number 3
-
property
list_ind
¶ Alias for field number 0
-
property
name
¶ Alias for field number 4
-
property
shp
¶ Alias for field number 2
-
property
slc
¶ Alias for field number 1
-
property
-
class
utility.
ListArrayOrdering
(list_arrays, intype='numpy')[source]¶ An ordering for a list to an array space. Takes also non theano.tensors. Modified from pymc3 blocking.
- Parameters
list_arrays (list) –
numpy.ndarray
ortheano.tensor.Tensor
intype (str) – defining the input type ‘tensor’ or ‘numpy’
-
class
utility.
ListToArrayBijection
(ordering, list_arrays, blacklist=[])[source]¶ A mapping between a List of arrays and an array space
- Parameters
ordering (
ListArrayOrdering
) –list_arrays (list) – of
numpy.ndarray
-
a2l
(array)[source]¶ Maps value from array space to List space Inverse operation of fmap.
- Parameters
array (
numpy.ndarray
) –- Returns
a_list – of
numpy.ndarray
- Return type
-
a_nd2l
(array)[source]¶ Maps value from ndarray space (ndims, data) to List space Inverse operation of fmap. Nd
- Parameters
array (
numpy.ndarray
) –- Returns
a_list – of
numpy.ndarray
- Return type
-
d2l
(dpt)[source]¶ Maps values from dict space to List space If variable expected from ordering is not in point it is filled with a low dummy value -999999.
- Parameters
dpt (list) – of
numpy.ndarray
- Returns
- Return type
lpoint
-
f3map
(list_arrays)[source]¶ Maps values from List space to array space with 3 columns
- Parameters
list_arrays (list) – of
numpy.ndarray
with size: n x 3- Returns
array – single array comprising all the input arrays
- Return type
-
l2a
(list_arrays)[source]¶ Maps values from List space to array space
- Parameters
list_arrays (list) – of
numpy.ndarray
- Returns
array – single array comprising all the input arrays
- Return type
-
l2d
(a_list)[source]¶ Maps values from List space to dict space
- Parameters
list_arrays (list) – of
numpy.ndarray
- Returns
- Return type
pymc3.model.Point
-
utility.
PsGrnArray2LayeredModel
(psgrn_input_path)[source]¶ Read PsGrn Input file and return velocity model.
- Parameters
psgrn_input_path (str) – Absolute path to the psgrn input file.
- Returns
- Return type
LayeredModel
-
utility.
RS_center
(source)[source]¶ Get 3d fault center coordinates. Depth attribute is top depth!
- Parameters
source (RedctangularSource) –
- Returns
numpy.ndarray
with x, y, z coordinates of the center of thefault
-
utility.
RS_dipvector
(source)[source]¶ Get 3 dimensional dip-vector of a planar fault.
- Parameters
source (RectangularSource) –
- Returns
- Return type
-
utility.
RS_strikevector
(source)[source]¶ Get 3 dimensional strike-vector of a planar fault.
- Parameters
source (RedctangularSource) –
- Returns
- Return type
-
utility.
adjust_fault_reference
(source, input_depth='top')[source]¶ Adjusts source depth and east/north-shifts variables of fault according to input_depth mode ‘top/center’.
- Parameters
source (
RectangularSource
orpscmp.RectangularSource
or) –pyrocko.gf.seismosizer.RectangularSource
input_depth (string) – if ‘top’ the depth in the source is interpreted as top depth if ‘center’ the depth in the source is interpreted as center depth
- Returns
- Return type
Updated input source object
-
utility.
adjust_point_units
(point)[source]¶ Transform variables with [km] units to [m]
- Parameters
point (dict) –
pymc3.model.Point()
of model parameter units as keys- Returns
mpoint –
pymc3.model.Point()
- Return type
-
utility.
apply_station_blacklist
(stations, blacklist)[source]¶ Weed stations listed in the blacklist.
-
utility.
biggest_common_divisor
(a, b)[source]¶ Find the biggest common divisor of two float numbers a and b.
-
utility.
check_hyper_flag
(problem)[source]¶ Check problem setup for type of model standard/hyperparameters.
:param
models.Problem
:- Returns
flag
- Return type
boolean
-
utility.
check_point_keys
(point, phrase)[source]¶ Searches point keys for a phrase, returns list of keys with the phrase.
-
utility.
downsample_trace
(data_trace, deltat=None, snap=False)[source]¶ Downsample data_trace to given sampling interval ‘deltat’.
- Parameters
data_trace (
pyrocko.trace.Trace
) –deltat (sampling interval [s] to which trace should be downsampled) –
- Returns
new instance
- Return type
pyrocko.trace.Trace
-
utility.
ensure_cov_psd
(cov)[source]¶ Ensure that the input covariance matrix is positive definite. If not, find the nearest positive semi-definite matrix.
- Parameters
cov (
numpy.ndarray
) – symmetric covariance matrix- Returns
cov – positive definite covariance matrix
- Return type
-
utility.
find_elbow
(data, theta=None, rotate_left=False)[source]¶ Get point closest to turning point in data by rotating it by theta.
Adapted from: https://datascience.stackexchange.com/questions/57122/in-elbow-curve- how-to-find-the-point-from-where-the-curve-starts-to-rise
- Parameters
data (array like,) – [n, 2]
theta (rotation angle) –
- Returns
Index (int) – closest to elbow.
rotated_data (array-like [n, 2])
-
utility.
gather
(l, key, sort=None, filter=None)[source]¶ Return dictionary of input l grouped by key.
-
utility.
get_fit_indexes
(llk)[source]¶ Find indexes of various likelihoods in a likelihood distribution.
- Parameters
llk (
numpy.ndarray
) –- Returns
- Return type
dict with array indexes
-
utility.
get_random_uniform
(lower, upper, dimension=1)[source]¶ Get uniform random values between given bounds
-
utility.
get_rotation_matrix
(axes=['x', 'y', 'z'])[source]¶ Return a function for 3-d rotation matrix for a specified axis.
- Parameters
axes (str or list of str) – x, y or z for the axis
- Returns
- Return type
func that takes an angle [rad]
-
utility.
join_models
(global_model, crustal_model)[source]¶ Replace the part of the ‘global model’ that is covered by ‘crustal_model’.
- Parameters
global_model (
pyrocko.cake.LayeredModel
) –crustal_model (
pyrocko.cake.LayeredModel
) –
- Returns
joined_model
- Return type
cake.LayeredModel
-
utility.
join_points
(ldicts)[source]¶ Join list of dicts into one dict with concatenating values of keys that are present in multiple dicts.
-
utility.
line_intersect
(e1, e2, n1, n2)[source]¶ Get intersection point of n-lines.
- Parameters
points of each line in (n x 2) arrays (end) –
e1 (
numpy.array
(n x 2)) – east coordinates of first linee2 (
numpy.array
(n x 2)) – east coordinates of second linen1 (
numpy.array
(n x 2)) – north coordinates of first linen2 (
numpy.array
(n x 2)) – east coordinates of second line
- Returns
- Return type
numpy.array
(n x 2) of intersection points (easts, norths)
-
utility.
list2string
(l, fill=', ')[source]¶ Convert list of string to single string.
- Parameters
l (list) – of strings
-
utility.
load_objects
(loadpath)[source]¶ Load (unpickle) saved (pickled) objects from specified loadpath.
- Parameters
loadpath (absolute path and file name to the file to be loaded) –
- Returns
objects – of saved objects
- Return type
-
utility.
mod_i
(i, cycle)[source]¶ Calculates modulus of a function and returns number of full cycles and the rest.
-
utility.
near_psd
(x, epsilon=2.220446049250313e-16)[source]¶ Calculates the nearest postive semi-definite matrix for a correlation/ covariance matrix
- Parameters
x (
numpy.ndarray
) – Covariance/correlation matrixepsilon (float) – Eigenvalue limit here set to accuracy of numbers in numpy, otherwise the resulting matrix, likely is still not going to be positive definite
- Returns
near_cov – closest positive definite covariance/correlation matrix
- Return type
Notes
Numpy number precission not high enough to resolve this for low valued covariance matrixes! The result will have very small negative eigvals!!!
See repair_covariance below for a simpler implementation that can resolve the numbers!
Algorithm after Rebonato & Jaekel 1999
-
utility.
positions2idxs
(positions, cell_size, min_pos=0.0, backend=<module 'numpy' from '/home/vasyurhm/.local/lib/python3.6/site-packages/numpy/__init__.py'>, dtype='int16')[source]¶ Return index to a grid with a given cell size.npatches
-
utility.
repair_covariance
(x, epsilon=2.220446049250313e-16)[source]¶ Make covariance input matrix A positive definite. Setting eigenvalues that are lower than the precission of numpy floats to at least that precision and backtransform.
- Parameters
x (
numpy.ndarray
) – Covariance/correlation matrixepsilon (float) – Eigenvalue limit here set to accuracy of numbers in numpy, otherwise the resulting matrix, likely is still not going to be positive definite
- Returns
near_cov – closest positive definite covariance/correlation matrix
- Return type
Notes
Algorithm after Gilbert Strange, ‘Introduction to linear Algebra’
-
utility.
running_window_rms
(data, window_size, mode='valid')[source]¶ Calculate the standard deviations of a running window over data.
- Parameters
data (
numpy.ndarray
1-d) – containing data to calculate stds fromwindow_size (int) – sample size of running window
mode (str) – see numpy.convolve for modes
- Returns
with stds, size data.size - window_size + 1
- Return type
numpy.ndarray
1-d
-
utility.
search_catalog
(date, min_magnitude, dayrange=1.0)[source]¶ Search the gcmt catalog for the specified date (+- 1 day), filtering the events with given magnitude threshold.
-
utility.
setup_logging
(project_dir, levelname, logfilename='BEAT_log.txt')[source]¶ Setup function for handling BEAT logging. The logfile ‘BEAT_log.txt’ is saved in the ‘project_dir’.
-
utility.
split_off_list
(l, off_length)[source]¶ Split a list with length ‘off_length’ from the beginning of an input list l. Modifies input list!
-
utility.
split_point
(point)[source]¶ Split point in solution space into List of dictionaries with source parameters for each source.
- Parameters
point (dict) –
pymc3.model.Point()
- Returns
source_points – of
pymc3.model.Point()
- Return type
-
utility.
swap_columns
(array, index1, index2)[source]¶ Swaps the column of the input array based on the given indexes.
-
utility.
transform_sources
(sources, datatypes, decimation_factors=None)[source]¶ Transforms a list of
heart.RectangularSource
to a dictionary of sourcespscmp.PsCmpRectangularSource
for geodetic data andpyrocko.gf.seismosizer.RectangularSource
for seismic data.
-
utility.
unique_list
(l)[source]¶ Find unique entries in list and return them in a list. Keeps variable order.
- Parameters
l (list) –
- Returns
- Return type
list with only unique elements
-
utility.
update_source
(source, **point)[source]¶ Update source keeping stf and source params seperate. Modifies input source Object!
- Parameters
source (
pyrocko.gf.seismosizer.Source
) –point (dict) –
pymc3.model.Point()
-
utility.
weed_data_traces
(data_traces, stations)[source]¶ Throw out data traces belonging to stations that are not in the stations list. Keeps list orders!
-
utility.
weed_input_rvs
(input_rvs, mode, datatype)[source]¶ Throw out random variables (RV)s from input list that are not included by the respective synthetics generating functions.
- Parameters
- Returns
weeded_input_rvs – of
pymc3.Distribution
- Return type
-
utility.
weed_stations
(stations, event, distances=(30.0, 90.0), remove_duplicate=False)[source]¶ Weed stations, that are not within the given distance range(min, max) to a reference event.
The plotting
Module¶
-
class
plotting.
PlotOptions
(**kwargs)[source]¶ Undocumented.
-
♦
post_llk
¶ str
, default:'max'
Which model to plot on the specified plot; Default: “max”; Options: “max”, “min”, “mean”, “all”
-
♦
plot_projection
¶ str
(pyrocko.guts.StringChoice
), default:'local'
Projection to use for plotting geodetic data; options: “latlon”
-
♦
utm_zone
¶ int
, optional, default:36
Only relevant if plot_projection is “utm”
-
♦
load_stage
¶ int
, default:-1
Which stage to select for plotting
-
♦
figure_dir
¶ str
, default:'figures'
Name of the output directory of plots
-
♦
reference
¶ dict
ofpyrocko.guts.Any
objects, optional, default:{}
Reference point for example from a synthetic test.
-
♦
outformat
¶ str
, default:'pdf'
-
♦
dpi
¶ int
, default:300
-
♦
force
¶ bool
, default:False
-
♦
varnames
¶ list
ofpyrocko.guts.Any
objects, optional, default:[]
Names of variables to plot
-
♦
source_idxs
¶ list
ofpyrocko.guts.Any
objects, optionalIndexes to patches of slip distribution to draw marginals for
-
♦
nensemble
¶ int
, default:1
Number of draws from the PPD to display fuzzy results.
-
♦
-
plotting.
correlation_plot
(mtrace, varnames=None, transform=<function <lambda>>, figsize=None, cmap=None, grid=200, point=None, point_style='.', point_color='white', point_size='8')[source]¶ Plot 2d marginals (with kernel density estimation) showing the correlations of the model parameters.
- Parameters
mtrace (
pymc3.base.MutliTrace
) – Mutlitrace instance containing the sampling resultsvarnames (list of variable names) – Variables to be plotted, if None all variable are plotted
transform (callable) – Function to transform data (defaults to identity)
figsize (figure size tuple) – If None, size is (12, num of variables * 2) inch
cmap (matplotlib colormap) –
grid (resolution of kernel density estimation) –
point (dict) – Dictionary of variable name / value to be overplotted as marker to the posteriors e.g. mean of posteriors, true values of a simulation
point_style (str) – style of marker according to matplotlib conventions
point_color (str or tuple of 3) – color according to matplotlib convention
point_size (str) – marker size according to matplotlib conventions
- Returns
fig (figure object)
axs (subplot axis handles)
-
plotting.
correlation_plot_hist
(mtrace, varnames=None, transform=<function <lambda>>, figsize=None, hist_color='orange', cmap=None, grid=50, chains=None, ntickmarks=2, point=None, point_style='.', point_color='red', point_size=4, alpha=0.35, unify=True)[source]¶ Plot 2d marginals (with kernel density estimation) showing the correlations of the model parameters. In the main diagonal is shown the parameter histograms.
- Parameters
mtrace (
pymc3.base.MutliTrace
) – Mutlitrace instance containing the sampling resultsvarnames (list of variable names) – Variables to be plotted, if None all variable are plotted
transform (callable) – Function to transform data (defaults to identity)
figsize (figure size tuple) – If None, size is (12, num of variables * 2) inch
cmap (matplotlib colormap) –
hist_color (str or tuple of 3) – color according to matplotlib convention
grid (resolution of kernel density estimation) –
chains (int or list of ints) – chain indexes to select from the trace
ntickmarks (int) – number of ticks at the axis labels
point (dict) – Dictionary of variable name / value to be overplotted as marker to the posteriors e.g. mean of posteriors, true values of a simulation
point_style (str) – style of marker according to matplotlib conventions
point_color (str or tuple of 3) – color according to matplotlib convention
point_size (str) – marker size according to matplotlib conventions
unify (bool) – If true axis units that belong to one group e.g. [km] will have common axis increments
- Returns
fig (figure object)
axs (subplot axis handles)
-
plotting.
histplot_op
(ax, data, reference=None, alpha=0.35, color=None, cmap=None, bins=None, tstd=None, qlist=[0.01, 99.99], cbounds=None, kwargs={})[source]¶ Modified from pymc3. Additional color argument.
-
plotting.
scene_fits
(problem, stage, plot_options)[source]¶ Plot geodetic data, synthetics and residuals.
-
plotting.
seismic_fits
(problem, stage, plot_options)[source]¶ Modified from grond. Plot synthetic and data waveforms and the misfit for the selected posterior model.
-
plotting.
traceplot
(trace, varnames=None, transform=<function <lambda>>, figsize=None, lines={}, chains=None, combined=False, grid=False, varbins=None, nbins=40, color=None, source_idxs=None, alpha=0.35, priors=None, prior_alpha=1, prior_style='--', axs=None, posterior=None, fig=None, plot_style='kde', prior_bounds={}, unify=True, qlist=[0.1, 99.9], kwargs={})[source]¶ Plots posterior pdfs as histograms from multiple mtrace objects.
Modified from pymc3.
- Parameters
trace (result of MCMC run) –
varnames (list of variable names) – Variables to be plotted, if None all variable are plotted
transform (callable) – Function to transform data (defaults to identity)
posterior (str) – To mark posterior value in distribution ‘max’, ‘min’, ‘mean’, ‘all’
figsize (figure size tuple) – If None, size is (12, num of variables * 2) inch
lines (dict) – Dictionary of variable name / value to be overplotted as vertical lines to the posteriors and horizontal lines on sample values e.g. mean of posteriors, true values of a simulation
chains (int or list of ints) – chain indexes to select from the trace
combined (bool) – Flag for combining multiple chains into a single chain. If False (default), chains will be plotted separately.
source_idxs (list) – array like, indexes to sources to plot marginals
grid (bool) – Flag for adding gridlines to histogram. Defaults to True.
varbins (list of arrays) – List containing the binning arrays for the variables, if None they will be created.
nbins (int) – Number of bins for each histogram
color (tuple) – mpl color tuple
alpha (float) – Alpha value for plot line. Defaults to 0.35.
axs (axes) – Matplotlib axes. Defaults to None.
fig (figure) – Matplotlib figure. Defaults to None.
unify (bool) – If true axis units that belong to one group e.g. [km] will have common axis increments
kwargs (dict) – for histplot op
qlist (list) – of quantiles to plot. Default: (all, 0., 100.)
- Returns
ax
- Return type
matplotlib axes
The inputf
Module¶
-
inputf.
load_SAR_data
(datadir, names)[source]¶ Load SAR data in given directory and filenames. Returns Diff_IFG objects.
-
inputf.
load_and_blacklist_gnss
(datadir, filename, blacklist, campaign=False, components=['north', 'east', 'up'])[source]¶ Load ascii GNSS data from GLOBK, apply blacklist and initialise targets.
- Parameters
datadir (string) – of path to the directory
filename (string) – filename to load
blacklist (list) – of strings with station names to blacklist
campaign (boolean) – if True return gnss.GNSSCampaign otherwise list of heart.GNSSCompoundComponent
components (tuple) – of strings (‘north’, ‘east’, ‘up’) for displacement components to return
-
inputf.
load_and_blacklist_stations
(datadir, blacklist)[source]¶ Load stations from autokiwi output and apply blacklist
-
inputf.
load_ascii_gnss_globk
(filedir, filename, components=['east', 'north', 'up'])[source]¶ Load ascii file columns containing: station name, Lon, Lat, ve, vn, vu, sigma_ve, sigma_vn, sigma_vu location [decimal deg] measurement unit [mm/yr]
- Returns
- Return type
pyrocko.model.gnss.GNSSCampaign
-
inputf.
load_data_traces
(datadir, stations, load_channels=[], name_prefix=None, name_suffix=None, data_format='mseed', divider='-', convert=False, no_network=False)[source]¶ Load data traces for the given stations from datadir.
-
inputf.
load_obspy_data
(datadir)[source]¶ Load data from the directory through obspy and convert to pyrocko objects.
- Parameters
datadir (string) – absolute path to the data directory
- Returns
- Return type
data_traces, stations
-
inputf.
rotate_traces_and_stations
(datatraces, stations, event)[source]¶ Rotate traces and stations into RTZ with respect to the event. Updates channels of stations in place!